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Bio Regents 2018 Voc
Biology Regents 2018 Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| respiration | the process of forming ATP within cells, |
| autotroph | plants (producers) that make their own food (glucose) through photosynthesis |
| biodiversity | the presence of many different species with different niches (roles) in the environment, helps ensure survival |
| fertilization | the process of fusing of a sperm cell and egg cell to form a zygote (diploid cell) |
| variability | genetic changes in a species that provides an increased chance for survival; natural selection and survival of the fittest from mutations, modification and recombination of genes during meiosis. |
| mutation | changes in the DNA sequences (radiation or exposure to harmful chemicals causes cancer) |
| cloning | reproducing organisms that are genetically identical to a parent |
| meiosis | the process of producing haploid cells to reproduce, males produce sperm cells and females produce egg cells |
| mitosis | produces two genetically identical cells to a parent cell during asexual reproduction (ameobas). |
| asexual reproduction | the process by which a single parent reproduces by itself and the offspring is genetically identical to its parent (ameba, yeast, bacteria= clones) |
| genetic recombination | the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. |
| testosterone | the hormone that stimulates sperm production and formation of sex characteristics in males |
| placenta | organ in mammals through which nutrients, O, CO2, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother |
| genetic engineering | the process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. |
| ecological succession | gradual change in living communities that follow a disturbance..fire burns down a field with animals and they eventually all return |
| diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area that is more concentrated to less concentrated |
| active transport | energy requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference |
| receptor molecules | used by cells to receive messages, they are specific to the messages |
| DNA replication | making an identical copy of a cell's DNA by unzipping and coding with matching bases A-T G-C |
| consumers | organisms that eat other organisms to obtain the food they require; energy is transferred from one to the other in the food web |
| hypothesis | a statement made prior to experimentation regarding results that are expected. |
| homeostasis | an ideal, stable set of conditions within an organism. |
| spermatogenesis | males ability to produce 4 haploid sperm cells |
| oogenesis | woman's ability to produce 1 haploid egg |
| finite resources | cannot be restored in short periods of time (water, coal, and oil), depletion is caused by human population. |
| independent variable | the number/information known before the experiment (time or minutes) |
| dependent variable | what is measured in the experiment, such as mL of oxygen gas produced. |
| energy pyramid | a diagram that represents the amount of energy held by different categories of organisms in the environment. Energy is lost at each level. |
| selective breeding | called artificial selection, creates unique breeds of farm plants or animals over many generations. |
| DNA mutations | may be passed on to the next generation if they are located in the cells that produce gametes, lead to genetic variation, most harmful, some enhance survival of offspring |
| antibodies | Y shaped proteins produced by white blood cells in the body that attach to invading pathogens and clump them together. |
| pathogens | disease causing agent such as bacteria, viruses and toxins, white blood cells fight them off during an immune response. |
| cancer | involves body cells dividing uncontrollably by mitosis. |
| abiotic factor | non living things in the environment (air, water, soil, sunlight, PH, and temperature) |
| biotic factor | are living organisms such as plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria in an environment. |
| gel electrophoresis | technique used to separate fragments of cut DNA according to size, makes a banning pattern for paternity cases, criminal evidence and evolutionary studies. |
| chromatography | procedure used to produce chlorophyll and leaf cell patterns for identification. |
| niche | a species role in the environment. |
| starch molecule | an amino acid that bonds together to form a complex molecule |
| substitution | frameshift of codons that code for a different amino acid, changes proteins produced (Sickle Cell Anemia) |
Created by:
Ann Marie Brezosky
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