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LoE - Ecosystems
Life on Earth - Topic 1 - Definitions & Food chains/webs/pyramids
Question | Answer |
---|---|
Define biodiversity. | The variety and abundance of living things |
Define habitat. | The place where an organism lives |
Define niche. | The role an organism plays in its community |
Define ecosystem. | The living and non-living parts of the environment |
Define population. | The total number of one species living in an area |
Define community. | All the animals and plants living together |
Define biome. | A large ecosystem distinguished by its flora, fauna and climate |
Define producer. | An organism that can make its own food |
Define consumer. | An organism that eats another organism for energy |
Define herbivore. | An organism that eats only plants |
Define carnivore. | An organism that eats only animals (meat) |
Define omnivore. | An organism that eats both plants and animals |
Define interspecific competition. | Competition between organisms of different species for similar resources |
Define intraspecific competition. | Competition between organisms of the same species for the same resources |
Define indicator species. | A species whose presence or absence indicates the level of pollution in the environment. |
What type of organism is always at the start of a food chain? | Producer |
What type of consumer eats the producer? | Primary consumer |
What type of consumer eats the primary consumer? | Secondary consumer |
What type of consumer eats the secondary consumer? | Tertiary consumer |
What do the arrows in a food chain represent? | The direction of energy flow |
What percentage of energy is passed on at each stage of the food chain? | 10% |
What percentage of energy is lost at each stage of the food chain? | 90% |
Name 3 ways energy can be lost in a food chain. | heat, movement, undigested material |
Describe a 'pyramid of biomass'. | A diagram that shows the total mass of organisms at each stage of the food chain. |
Describe a 'pyramid of energy'. | A diagram that shows the total energy received by organisms at each stage of the food chain. |
Describe a 'pyramid of numbers'. | A diagram that shows the total number of organisms at each stage of the food chain. |
If a pyramid of numbers is 'skinny' at the bottom, what does the food chain start with? | A tree |
If a pyramid of numbers is 'big' at the top, what does the food chain end with? | Flea, insect or mite |