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Chap. 28
Assessing clients with cardiac disorders
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Each contraction ejects a certain volume of blood called? | Stroke volume (SV) |
| The amount of blood pumped by the ventricles in to the pulmonary and systemic circulation in one minute =? | Cardiac Output (CO) |
| HR x SV =? | HR x SV = CO |
| The average Cardiac Output of adults =? | 4-8L/min |
| The percentage of total blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole which is ejected with each beat is called? | Ejection Fraction (EF) |
| Normal ejection fractions range from ___% to ___% | 50% to 70% |
| The heart’s ability to respond to the body’s changing needs for cardiac output is called? | cardiac reserve |
| The coronary arteries fill mainly during diastole/systole? | diastole |
| The amount of cardiac muscle fiber tension, or stretch, that exists at the end of diastole, just before contraction of the ventricles is called? | Preload |
| The force the ventricles must overcome to eject their blood volume – the pressure in the arterial system ahead of the ventricles is called? | Afterload |
| Right ventricular afterload is measured as? | pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) |
| Afterload of the left ventricle is measured as? | systemic vascular resistance (SVR) |
| The inherent capability of the cardiac muscle fibers to shorten is called? | Contractility |
| Acts as normal pacemaker of the heart? | sinoatrial (SA) node |
| The SA node usually generates ___ to ___ impulses per minute? | 60 to 100 |
| If the radial pulse falls behind the apical rate, the client has a? | pulse deficit |
| Weak, ineffective contractions of the left ventricle may be indicated by a ______ ______? | A pulse deficit |
| A regularly irregular rhythm where there is an early beat every second beat is called? | bigeminy |
| A pattern of gradual increase and decrease in heart rate that is within normal HR and correlates with inspiration and expiration is called? | sinus arrhythmia |
| Scale of murmurs: Barely heard =? | I |
| Scale of murmurs: Quietly heard =? | II |
| Scale of murmurs: Clearly heard =? | III |
| Scale of murmurs: Loud =? | IV |
| Scale of murmurs: Very loud =? | V |
| Scale of murmurs: Loudest (may be heard with stethoscope off the chest =? | VI |
| Midsystolic murmur are heard with? | Semilunar valve disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Pansystolic murmur are heard with? | AV valve disease (e.g., mitral and tricuspid regurgitation, ventricular septal defect) |
| Late systolic murmur are heard with? | Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
| Early diastolic murmur are heard with? | Regurgitant flow across incompetent semilunar valves (e.g., aortic regurgitation) |
| Mid diastolic and presystolic murmurs are heard with? | Turbulent flow across the AV valves (e.g., mitral stenosis) |
| Continuous murmurs throughout systole and all or part of diastole are heard with? | Patent ductus arteriosus |
| Which circulatory process supplies the heart with blood? Systemic/pulmonary/coronary/hepatic | coronary |
| Where do you assess apical impulse? Left MCL, 5th ICS/Left substernal, 6th ICS/Richt midaxillary, 2nd ICS/Left MCL, 5th ICS | Left MCL, 5th ICS |
| The cardiac output (CO) adjusted for body size is called? | Cardiac index (CI) |
| Cardiac Index (CI) is equal to? | The Cardiac Output (CO) divided by the Body Surface Area (BSA) |
| Cardiac Output is determined by four major factors. List them. | heart rate, preload, afterload, and contractility |
| Activity level, metabolic rate, stress responses, age, and body size all influence ______ _______? | Cardiac Output |
| The purpose of the superior vena cava is? Returns blood from above the diaphragm/Returns blood from below the diaphragm/Drains blood from the heart/Receives freshly oxygenated blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins | Returns blood from above the diaphragm |
| Which of the following does not influence cardiac output? Metabolic rate/Age/Body size/Gender | Gender |
| The instructor explains that the normal "pacemaker" of the heart is? The atrioventricular (AV) node/The sinoatrial (SA) node/The Purkinje fibers/The bundle of His | The sinoatrial (SA) node |
| The nurse notes the radial pulse falls behind the apical pulse as? Inaccurate assessment technique/Congestive heart failure/Weak, ineffective contractions of the right ventricle/Weak, ineffective contractions of the left ventricle | Weak, ineffective contractions of the left ventricle |
| While assessing a client's heart sounds, the nurse notes a murmur which is clearly heard. Which of the following grades will the nurse document this murmur as? Grade I/Grade II/Grade III/Grade IV | Grade III |
| The nurse notes a 76 bpm heart rate and a pattern of gradual increase and decrease in heart rate that correlates with inspiration and expiration. The nurse documents this as? Sinus arrhythmia/Bradycardia/Tachycardia/Bigeminy | Sinus arrhytmia |
| A nursing student correctly identifies the first heart sound as which of the following? Closure of the semilunar valves/Closure of the atrioventricular valves/S3/S4 | Closure of the atrioventricular valves |
| A nurse correctly assesses for the heart's high pitched sounds when he? Asks the client to remain in the supine position/Asks the client to exhale and hold the breath while listening/Auscultates with the bell/Auscultates with the diagphragm | Auscultate each area with the diaphragm of the stethoscope |
Created by:
hwk
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