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Chapter 2,3,4
Biology Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When there is a little bit of charge in an electron. | Polar |
| An attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together. | Cohesion |
| The attractive force between two particles of different substances. | Adhesion |
| The force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial or full negative charge. | Hydrogen Bond |
| OH- | Hydroxide Ion |
| H3O- | Hydronium Ion |
| Reacts with a base | Acid |
| A substance that can accept Hydrogen Ions/ donate a pair of valence electrons. (opposite of Acids) | Base |
| A scale that scientists developed for comparing the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution | pH Scale |
| Chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution | Buffer |
| Made mostly of carbon atoms | Organic Compound |
| Small, simple molecules that build up carbon compounds | Monomer |
| A molecule that consists of repeated, linked units. | Polymer |
| A chemical reaction to a link between monomers and polymers. | Condensation Reaction |
| An example of a cell that | ATP |
| Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. | Carbohydrate |
| (Simple Sugar) contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 | Monosaccharide |
| Two monosaccharides combine in a condensation reaction to form a double sugar | Disaccharide |
| A complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides. | Polysaccharide |
| Organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen | Protein |
| Made mostly of proteins, as are skin, muscles and many biological catalysts | Animo Acid |
| A covalent bond formed from two animo acids. | Peptide Bond |
| Long chains that Amino acids form. | Polypeptide |
| Protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. Essential for the functioning of any cell. | Enzyme |
| The reactant being catalyzed. | Substrate |
| An Enzymes fold. | Active Site |
| Large, nonpolar organic molecules. (Doesn't dissolve) | Lipid |
| Molecules that are composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them | Steroid |
| Very large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell. | Nuleic Acid |
| Made of three main components: a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base. | Nucleotide |
| The smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life | Cell |
| All of the organelles except the nucleus is called | Cytoplasm |
| The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles. | Cytosol |
| Organisms that lack a membrane- bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. | Prokaryote |
| Organisms made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. | Eukaryote |
| Eukaryotic cells also have a variety of subcellular structures. | Organelle |
| A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol. | Cytoskeleton |
| Hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin. | Microtubule |
| Long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope. | Microfilament |
| (cilla) hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. Short and are present in large numbers on certain cells. | Cilium |
| (flagella) Hairlike structures that extend from the surface of the cell, where they assist in movement. Longer and are far less numerous on the cells where they occur. | Flagellum |
| Organelles that, like mitochondria, are surrounded by a double mem- brane and contain their own DNA. | Plastid |
Created by:
bea.baughman0814
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