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Chptr. 2,3,4 Vocab (

Chapters 2, 3, & 4 Vocab.

QuestionAnswer
Describe molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends Chapter 2: 1. Polar
What holds molecules of a single material together 2. Cohesion
The attractive force between two substances in contact with each other 3. Adhesion
Attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a positive charge and another atom or molecule with a negative charge 4. Hydrogen Bond
The OH- ion 5. Hydroxide Ion
The H3O+ ion 6. Hydronium Ion
Any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions when dissolved in water 7. Acid
Any compound that increases the number of hydroxide ions when dissolved in water 8. Base
The scale used to compare the relative concentrations of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions in a solution 9. pH Scale
Substance that neutralizes small amounts of acids and bases added to a solution 10. Buffer
Compounds made primarily of carbon atoms Chapter 3: 11. Organic Compound
A simple molecule that can combine with other molecules to make a polymer 12. Monomer
A large molecule that is formed by five or more monomers 13. Polymer
The chemical reaction in which monomers combine to form polymers 14. Condensation Reaction
Compound that stores a large amount of energy 15. ATP
Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen 16. Carbohydrate
Monomer of a carbohydrate 17. Monosaccharide
Two monosaccharides combined 18. Disaccharide
Molecule composed of three or more monosaccharides 19. Polysaccharide
Organic compound composed of mainly carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen 20. Protein
The linkage of monomers that proteins are formed from 21. Amino Acid
To form a dipeptide, two amino acids form a covalent bond called a... 22. Peptide Bond
Long chain of amino acids 23. Polypeptide
Protein molecule that acts as a biological catalyst (RNA) 24. Enzyme
A substance that lies beneath and supports other substances 25. Substrate
Fold on an enzyme 26. Active Site
Large non polar organic molecules 27. Lipid
A lipid composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them 28. Steroid
Large and complex organic molecule that stores and transfers important information in the cell 29. Nucleic Acid
A monomer composed of a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring shaped nitrogenous base 30. Nucleotide
The smallest unit that can carry on the processes of life Chapter 4: 31. Cell
The region of the cel that is within the plasma membrane and includes all the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all organelles, except the nucleus, is the... 32. Cytoplasm
The part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules, small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles is the... 33. Cytosol
Organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 34. Prokaryote
Organism made up of cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles 35. Eukaryote
A well defined, intracellular body, that performs a specific function for a cell 36. Organelle
Network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol 37. Cytoskeleton
Hollow tube made of tubulin 38. Microtubule
Long threads of protein actin that are linked end to end and wrapped a rounded each other like two strands of rope 39. Microfilament
A short hairlike structure that extends from the surface of a cell in large numbers 40. Cilium
A long hairlike structure that extends from the surface of a cell in small numbers 41. Flagellum
An organelle that is unique to a plant cell, surrounded by a double membrane, and contains it's own DNA 42. Plastid
Created by: styleshorse6
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