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ch3,4,5 vocab
miller biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| describes a molecule with opposite charges on opposite ends | 1.polar |
| the force that holds molecules of a single material together | 2.cohesion |
| the attraction between two bodies of different substances that are touching eachother | 3.adhesion |
| the inner force happening when a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared eletrons of another molecule | 4.hydrogen bond |
| consisting of a proton combined with a molecule of water: H3O+ | 5.hydronim ion |
| the HO- ion | 6.hydroxide ion |
| increases the number of hydronium ions when disolved in water | 7.acid |
| increases the number of hydroxide ions when disolved in water | 8.base |
| a range of values used to show the acidity or alkalinity | 9.pH scale |
| a solution made from weak acid and conjugate base that nuetralizes small amounts of acids or bases added to it | 10.buffer |
| a covalently bonded compound that contains carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides | 11.organic compound |
| a simple molecule that can combine with other like or unlike molecules to make a polymer | 12.monomer |
| a large molecule that is made of more than 5 monomers or smaller units | 13.polymer |
| a chemical reaction when two or more molecules combine to produce water or another simple molecule | 14.condensation reaction |
| an organic molcule that acts as a main energy for a cell; nitrogen base, has suger, and 3 phosphates | 15.ATP |
| any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen,and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things | 16.carbohydrate |
| a simple sugar that is that is the basic subunit, or monomer, of a carbohydrate | 17.monosaccharide |
| a suger formed from 2 monosaccharides | 18.disaccharide |
| one of the carbohydrates made up of a long chain of simple sugars; including starch, cellulose, and glycogen | 19.polysaccharide |
| an organic compound that is made up of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principle component of all cells | 20.protein |
| organic molecules that make up proteins (the building blocks of proteins) | 21.amino acid |
| chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acids | 22.peptide bond |
| a long chain of several amino acids | 23.polypeptide |
| a type of protein or RNA molecule that speeds up metabiosm in plants and animals | 24.enzyme |
| a part, substance or element that lies beneth and supports another part, stubstance or element | 25.substrate |
| the place on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate | 26.active site |
| large molecule, includes fats which stores energy and makes up cell membranes | 27.lipid |
| type of lipid that consists of 4 carbon rings | 28.steroid |
| an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information | 29.nucleic acid |
| in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar,a phosphate, and a nitrogenious base | 30.nucleotide |
| the smallest unit that can preform all life processes | 31.cell |
| the region of the cell within the membrane that contains the fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles exept the nucleus | 32.cytoplasm |
| the soluble part of the cytoplasm | 33.cytosol |
| a single-celled organism that has no nucleus and no membrane bond organelles such as bacteria and archaea | 34.prokaryote |
| organism made up of many cell with a nucleus enclosed by a membrane and has chromosones (animals, plants and fungus) | 35.eukaryote |
| one of the small bodies found in the cytopasm of a cell and that are specialized to preform a specific function | 36.organelle |
| the cytopalsmic network of protein filaments and tubes that plays in a certral role in cell movement, shape and division | 37.cytoskeleton |
| one on the small, tubular fibers composed of the protein tubulin that are found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that compose the cytoskeleton, and that play a role in cell structure and movement | 38.microtubule |
| a fiber inside a eukaryotic cells that is composed mainly of protein actin and that has a role in cell structure and movement | 39.microfilament |
| a hair-like structure arranged in tightly packed rows that projects from the surface of some cells | 40.cilium |
| a long hair like structure that grows out of a cell that allows the cell to move | 41.flagellum |
| an organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and preforms specific functions for the cell, examples include chlorpasts and chromoplasts | 42.plastid |
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emma.pacey0627
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