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Chapters 2,3,4 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Describes an uneven distribution of charge | Polar |
| The attraction of particles of the same substance | Cohesion |
| The attraction of particles of different substances | Adhesion |
| The attraction between a hydrogen molecule with partial positive charge and another molecule with a partial negative charge or a total negative charge. | Hydrogen Bond |
| Another name for the OH- ion; Can become water with an H+ ion. | Hydroxide Ion |
| The H3O+ ion; It is H2O + H+. | Hydronium Ion |
| This is what it's called when a solution has more Hydronium ions than Hydroxide ions(OH-). Also, these tend to be sour in taste. | Acid |
| A solution is called this when it has more Hydroxide ions(OH-) than Hydronium ions. These are usually slippery, and are bitter in taste. | Base |
| A scale used for comparing amounts of Hydroxide ions and Hydronium ions to determine if a solution is an acid or a base. It ranges from 0 to 14. | pH Scale |
| Chemical substances that neutralize acids and bases. | Buffer |
| Mostly made in CARBON atoms. Most of the matter in living organisms that is not water is this. | Organic Compound |
| The smaller, simpler molecules that create carbon compounds. They can bond together to create Polymers. | Monomer |
| This is created from Monomers. It is a compound that is made of repeated, linked units. | Polymer |
| The chemical reaction when monomers link up to create polymers. *Every time a monomer is added to polymer, a water molecule is released. | Condensation Reaction |
| adenosine triphosphate; One of the larger compounds that stores energy in cells. | ATP |
| The organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. It's ratio is that of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom. | Carbohydrate |
| The monomer of a Carbohydrate. 'Simple Sugar' | Monosaccharide |
| The combination of two Monosaccharides, also called a double sugar. | Disaccharide |
| A complex molecule made of three or more Monosaccharides. | polysaccharide |
| Organic Compounds made mostly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Hair, horns, skin, and other enzymes are made of these | Protein |
| The linkage of monomers that form Proteins. | amino acid |
| A covalent bond formed from a condensation reaction of two amino acids. | peptide bond |
| Long chains of amino acids. | polypeptide |
| RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalysts. They are essential for the functioning of cells. | enzyme |
| The reactant that is being catalyzed. | substrate |
| Folds in an enzyme that allow a substrate to fit in. | active site |
| Large, nonpolar organic molecules that do not dissolve in water. | lipid |
| A lipid that is not made of fatty acids, but rather made of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them. | steroid |
| Large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in a cell. | nucleic acid |
| Linked monomers in DNA and RNA. It is made of three main components; A phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base. | nucleotide |
| The -smallest- unit that can carry out processes of life. | cell |
| Part of a cell that contains the cell's fluid, the cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus. | cytoplasm |
| A part of the cytoplasm that holds molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not organelles with a membrane. | cytosol |
| Organisms that have no nucleus or organelles. | prokaryote |
| Organisms that are made of one or more cells that have a nucleus and organelles. | eukaryote |
| Subcellular structures in eukaryote cells that are well-defined and carry out specific functions for a cell. | organelle |
| A network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol within a cell. It also acts as a system of tracks. | cytoskeleton |
| Hollow tubes made of protein that are called 'tubulin'. They hold organelles in place, maintains a cell's shape, and acts as tracks for organelles and molecules as the move around the cell. | microtubule |
| Finer than microtubules, these are long threads of beadlike protein actin that are linked end to end and tied around each other like two strands of a rope. These help with cell movement, like the movements of muscle cells and white blood cells. | microfilament |
| One of th.e two hair like structures from the surface of a cell that assists in movement. These hairs, however, are short and are in large numbers. | cilium |
| One of the two hair like structures from the surface of a cell that assists in movement. These hairs, however, are long and short in numbers. | flagellum |
| A unique feature only in PLANT cells. They are organelles,like mitochondria, that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA. | plastid |
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MaySkyward
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