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Biology Vocab #2
Biochemistry and Cells Vocabulary
| Term | Deffinition |
|---|---|
| Polar | relating to the poles of a celestial body |
| Cohesion | when particles of the same substance sticks together |
| Adhesion | when particles of different substances sticks together |
| Hydrogen Bond | a weak bond between two molecules |
| Hydroxide Ion | the negatively charged ion OH of any base in a water solution |
| Hydronium Ion | the positively charged ion HO of any acid in a water solution |
| Acid | is when a solution has a greater amount of hydronium ions than hydroxide ones |
| Base | a purine or pyrimidine group in a nucleotide or nucleic acid. |
| pH Scale | a scale that compares the amount of hydronium ions and hydroxide ions. |
| Buffer | solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. |
| Monomer | a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer. |
| Polymer | a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together |
| Condensation Reaction | a reaction in which two molecules combine to form a larger molecule, producing a small molecule as a byproduct. |
| ATP | a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue. |
| Carbohydrate | any of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues |
| Monosaccharide | any of the class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar. |
| Disaccharide | any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues. |
| Polysaccharide | a carbohydrate whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded together. |
| Protein | any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms |
| Amino Acid | a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amino group. |
| Peptide Bond | |
| Polypeptide | a linear organic polymer consisting of a large number of amino-acid residues bonded together in a chain, forming part of a protein molecule. |
| Enzyme | a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. |
| Substrate | the substance on which an enzyme acts. |
| Active Site | a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction. |
| Lipid | any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. |
| Steroid | any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms |
| Nucleic Acid | a complex organic substance present in living cells whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain. |
| Nucleotide | a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. |
| Cell | the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism |
| Cytoplasm | the material or protoplasm within a living cell, excluding the nucleus. |
| Cytosol | the aqueous component of the cytoplasm of a cell, within which various organelles and particles are suspended. |
| Prokaryote | a microscopic single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles |
| Eukaryote | an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus. |
| Organelle | any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. |
| Cytoskelelton | a microscopic network of protein filaments and tubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells, giving them shape and coherence. |
| Microtubule | a microscopic tubular structure present in numbers in the cytoplasm of cells, sometimes aggregating to form more complex structures. |
| Microfilament | a small rodlike structure, about 4–7 nanometers in diameter, present in numbers in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. |
| Cilium | a short, microscopic, hairlike vibrating structure. |
| Flagellum | a slender threadlike structure |
| Plastid | any of a class of small organelles, such as chloroplasts |
| Organic Compound | any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon |
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