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Ch. 2-3-4 vocab

biology vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Polar when a charge is unevenly across the water molecule
Cohesion an attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together
Adhesion attractive force between two particles of different substances
Hydrogen force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with some positive charges and another atom or molecule with a partial or full negative charge
Hydroxide ion the OH⁻ ion is known as this.
Hydronium ion the H₃O⁻ ion is known as this.
Acid on the pH scale, it is above 7. If the number of hydronium ions in a solution is greater than the number of hydroxide ions, then the solution is....
Base on the pH scale, this is below 7. This has more hydroxide ions than hydronium ions so it is a...
pH scale ranges from 0-14
buffer chemical substances that neutralize small amounts of either an acid or a base added to a solution
organic compound are made primarily of carbon atoms. Most matter in living organisms that is not water is made up of this.
monomer many carbon compounds are built up from smaller, simpler molecules
polymer a molecule that consists of repeated, linked units
condensation reaction monomers that link to form polymers through a chemical reaction.
ATP adenosine; triphosphate
carbohydrate organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of about one carbon atom to two hydrogen atoms to one oxygen atom
monosaccharide simple sugar
disaccharide double sugar
polysaccharide complex molecule composed of three or more monosaccharide
protein an organic compounds composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen , and nitrogen
amino acids these are formed from the linkage of monomers
peptide bond two amino acids form a covalent bond
polypeptides amino acids that form very long chains
enzyme protein molecules that act as biological catalysts
substrate the reactant being catalyzed
active site the folds in an enzyme
lipid large, nonpolar organic molecules
steroid composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them
nucleic acid large and complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in the cell
nucleotide three main components: phosphate group, five-carbon sugar, and a ring-shaped nitrogenous base
cell smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
cytoplasm the region of the cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes the fluid, cytoskeleton, and all of the organelles except the nucleus
cytosol part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles, such as ribosomes, but not membrane-bound organelles.
prokaryote organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
eukaryote organism made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
organelle intracellular bodies that perform specific functions for the cell
cytoskeleton network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol
microtubule hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin.
microfilament long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end and wrapped around each other like two strands of a rope
cilium hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell, where they assist in movement. SHORT AND ARE PRESENT IN LARGE NUMBERS ON CERTAIN CELLS.
flagellum hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell, where they assist in movement. LONGER AND FAR LESS NUMEROUS ON THE CELLS WHERE THEY OCCUR
plastid organelles that are surrounded by a double-membrane and contain their own DNA.
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