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Unit 2 Biochem

Unit 2 Biochemistry/Cells Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
Polar When a molecule has opposite charges on opposite ends
Cohesion The attraction between like molecules
Adhesion The attraction between unlike molecules
Hydrogen bond Electromagnetic attraction between a Hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
Hydroxide ion An oxygen and hydrogen atom held by a covalent bond
Acid A substance with a pH less than 7
Base A substance with a pH greater than 7
pH scale Used to measure how acidic or basic a substance is. Ranges from 0 to 14.
Buffer Used to reduce the change in pH or neutralize a substance
Organic compound A compound that includes carbon
Monomer A molecule that may bind to other identical molecules to form a polymer
Polymer A macromolecule composed of repeating structural units
Condensation reaction A chemical reaction in which two molecules come together to form one molecule
ATP Adenosine triphosphate; transports energy within cells for metabolism
Carbohydrate An organic compound consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Monosaccharide Any sugar that cannot be broken down into a simpler sugar
Disaccharide Carbohydrate that is formed after two monosaccharide undergo a condensation reaction
Polysaccharide A number of sugar molecules bound together to form a carbohydrate
Protein Biochemical compounds formed by amino acids
Amino Acid Simple organic compound containing a carboxyl and an amino group
Peptide bond Covalent bond formed between amino acids when the carboxyl group of one molecule reacts with the amino group of the other molecule
Polypeptide Organic polymer that forms part of a protein
Enzyme biological molecules that speed up chemical reactions
Substrate molecule acted upon by an enzyme
Active site Region of an enzyme that binds to a substance during a reaction
Lipid Naturally occurring compounds that store energy
Steroid Organic compounds with a molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms
Nucleic acid Substance consisting of nucleotides in a chain
Nucleotide Molecules that make up the units of RNA and DNA
Cell The smallest unit of life
Cytoplasm Substance within a cell that holds the organelles
Cytosol Intracellular fluid found inside cells
Prokaryote Single-celled organisms without a nucleus
Eukaryote Organisms that have a nucleus in their cells
Organelle Specialized structures within a cell
Created by: theadambomb
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