Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
bi101 ch 3
vocab and themes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| organic chemistry | chemistry of living organisms |
| inorganic chemistry | chemistry of non living things |
| organic molecules | molecules that contain both carbon and hydrogen atoms |
| What are the four classes or organic compounds in any living thing? | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids are also known as... | biomolecules |
| properties of inorganic molecules | contain positive and negative ions, usually ionic bonding, always contain small number of atoms, often associated with non living matter |
| organic molecules | always contain carbon and hydrogen, always covalent bonding, often quite large with many atoms, usually associated with living organisms |
| functional group | specific combination of bonded atoms that always reacts in the same way, regardless of the particular carbon skeleton |
| isomer | organic molecules that have identical molecular formulas but a different arrangement of atoms |
| polymers | largest of the biomolecules. constructed by linking together a late number of the same type of sub unit |
| monomers | polymer sub unit |
| dehydration reaction | (build up) chemical reaction in which a water molecule is released during the formation of a covalent bond |
| hydrolysis reaction | (break down) biomolecules break down by adding water to them |
| enzyme | molecule that speeds a reaction by bringing reactants together and helping them to form new bonds. |
| carbohydrates | an immediate energy source and can play structural role. carbon:hydrogen:oxygen ration is 1:2:1 |
| Cell walls of plants contain what? shells contain what? cell walls of bacteria contain what? | cellulose, chitin, peptidoglycan. |
| monosaccharide | single sugar molecule. simple sugars carbon back bone of 3-7 carbons |
| cellulose is the most abundant..... | organic molecule on earth |
| glucose | major source of cellular fuel for all living things. soluble in water. |
| glucose is transported in the blood of animals and it is the molecule thats broken down and converted into | stored chemical energy (ATP) during cellular respiration |
| disaccharide | contains two monosaccharides that have joined during a dehydration reaction |
| polysaccharide | polymers of monosaccharides. short term energy storage molecules. not solluble |
| plants store glucose as... | starch |
| starch exists in what to forms> | amylose (nonbranched) and amylpectin (branched) |
| lipids | class or organic molecule that tends to be soluble i non polar solvents; includes fats and oils |
| fats and oils contain two types of subunit molecules | fatty acids and glycerol |
| fatty acids can be | saturated or unsaturated |
| saturated | no double bonds between carbon atoms and contain as many hydrogen atoms as they can potentially hold. fats like butter or lard |
| unsaturated | have double bounds in carbon chain which reduce the number of bonded hydrogen atoms..oils like cooking oils |
| glycerol | three carbon compound, polar and soluble in water |
| triglycerides | neutral fat composed of glycerol and 3 fatty acids; typically involved in energy storage |
| phospholipid | molecule that forms the bilayer of the cells membranes; has a hydrolyphic head bounded to two hydrophobic tails |
| steroids | type of lipid molecule having a complex form of carbon rings---cholesterol estrogen testosterone |
| waxes | sticky, solid, water repellent lipid consisting of many long chain fatty acids usually linked to long chain alcohols. |
| how to prevent cardiovascular disease | have one or two alcholholic beverages a day. ingest resvertol. minimize intake of saturated fats and trans fats. replace with mono saturated and polyunsaturated fats. have at least two servings of fish a week. |
| proteins | are of primary importance to the structure and function of cells |
| metabolism | enzyme proteins bring reactants together and thereby speed chemical reactions in cells |
| support | some proteins have structural function |
| transport | channel and carrier proteins in plasma membrane help regulate what substances enter and exit cells |
| hemoglobin | complex protein that transports oxygen to tissues and cells |
| defense | antibodies are proteins of our immune system that combine with foreign substances called called antigens. antibodies bind and prevent antigens form destroying cells and upsetting homeostasis |
| regulation | some hormones are proteins that regulate how cells behave. they serve as intercellular messengers that influence cell metabolism |
| motion | the contractile potions actin and myosin allow parts of cells to move and cause muscles to contract |
| peptide bond | resulting covalent bond between amino acids |
| peptide | two ore more amino acids bonded together |
| polypeptide | chain of many amnio acids jointed by peptide bonds |
| amino acid | organic molecule composed of an amino group and an acid gropu |
| what are the 4 levels of structure that a protein can have | primary secondary teritary and quarternary |
| primary structure of protein | sequence of amino acids defined by a gene |
| secondary structure of protein | polypeptide coils or folds in a particular way; coiling or pleated sheet |
| fibrous proteins | structured proteins exist only as helices or pleated sheets that hydrogen bond to each other |
| teritary structure of protein | folding that results in the final three dimensional shape of a polypeptide |
| globular proteins | tend to ball up in rounded shapes haven teritary structure |
| denatured | when protein loses natural shape |
| quarternary structure | proteins have this when they consist of more than one polypeptide |
| chaperone proteins | help new proteins fold into their normal shape. correct any misfolding of a new protein |
| prions | misfolded proteins that cause other proteins of the same type to fold the wrong way too |
| nucleic acids | polymers of nucleotides store information include instructions for life and conduct chemical reactions |
| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | one type of nucleic acid that not only stores information about how to copy or replicate itself but also specifies the over in which amino acids are to be joined o make a protein. |
| what are the the three types of RNA? | messenger, transfer, and ribosomal |
| Messenger RNA | temporary copy of a gene into DNA that specifies what amino acid sequence will be during the process of protein synthesis |
| transfer RNA | helps translate the sequence of nucleic acids in a gene into the correct sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis |
| ribosomal RNA | works as an enzyme to form peptide bonds between amino acids in a polypeptide |
| coenzyme | non protein organic molecules that help regulate enzymatic reaction |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | special nucleotide that stores large amounts of energy needed for synthetic reactions. high energy molecule |
| ADP (adenosine diphosphate) | nucleotide with two phosphate groups that can accept another phosphate group and become ATP |
| complementary base printing | hydrogen bonding between particular purines and pyrimidines; responsible for structure of DNA and some RNA |
Created by:
jasmine.teich
Popular Biology sets