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Genetics & Cell Func

cell cycle, protein synthesis

QuestionAnswer
DNA deoxyribosenucleic acid; contains phosphate group, pentose, nitrogenous base
Nucleotide monomer of DNA
Nitrogenous bases adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
Deoxyribose
Double helix shape of DNA
Complementary base pairing connected by hydrogen bond; adenine & thymine; guanine & cytosine
Histones compact and control the long threads of DNA
Nucleosomes repeating subunits of chromatin, consisting of a DNA chain coiled around a core of histones; beads on a string
Chromatin part of the nucleus that consists of DNA and proteins
Genes A segment of DNA, occupying a specific place on a chromosome
Chromosome linear strand of DNA and associated proteins in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells that carries the genes and functions in the transmission of hereditary information.
Genetic code The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins.
Codon 3 base pairs & 1 amino acids; determines the insertion of a specific amino acid in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis or the signal to stop protein synthesis.
RNA has ribose sugar that contains oxygen; single stranded
Ribose a pentose sugar
Uracil rnas replacement for thymine
mRNA carries info from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome sites of protein synthesis in the cell
tRNA transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm
rRNA forms part of the protein-synthesizing organelle known as a ribosome
Protein synthesis creation of proteins using DNA and RNA
Transcription constructing a mrna using dna as template. gentic info transferred to the mrna.
Pre mRNA immature single strand of messenger ribonucleic acid
Splicing modification of pre-mRNA taking place after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined.
Exons The protein-coding region in the DNA that are spliced together
Introns The protein-coding region in the DNA that are spliced away
Translation mrna produced by transcription is decoded by the ribosome to produce a specific amino acid chain, or polypeptide, that will later fold into an active protein.
Ribosome components of cells that make proteins from all amino acids
Polyribosome cluster of ribosomes, bound to a mRNA molecule
Cell cycle series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division replication
Interphase preparing for cell division; in crease in size and copies dna
Gap 1 phase cell grows to prep for cell division
(S)ynthesis phase dna synthesis and replication
DNA replication process to copy DNA.
Gap 2 phase cell growth and prep for mitosis
Mitotic phase phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis.
Mitosis cell separates the chromosomes in its cell nucleus into two identical sets in two nuclei
Cytokinesis cytoplasm of a cell is divided to form 2 daughter cells.
Cell cycle checkpoints G1 (Restriction) Checkpoint; G2 Checkpoint ; Metaphase Checkpoint
Cyclin dependent kinases a family of protein kinases (enzymes)
Cyclin control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase
Maturation promoting factors a protein complex that in its active form causes cells to undergo mitosis
How is DNA similar to other macromolecules? Different? DNA is a nucleic acid (macromolecule) made up of nucleotides (molecules) like others. It carries genetic information.
How do hydrogen bonds play a role in DNA form and function? The double helical structure of DNA is due to hydrogen bonding between the base pairs. weak enough to be broken easily during replication.
What is the genetic code and how does it allow gene expression to occur? The sequence of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that determines the specific amino acid sequence in the synthesis of proteins.
How does RNA differ from DNA? rna has ribose sugar that contains oxygen & dna doesnt ; dna= thymine, rna=uracil ; dna = double stranded, rna = single stranded
Why is cell cycle control useful? How does cyclin allow for this control? To control cell replication. control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase
Created by: ashnicolexox
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