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Bio Chapter 2 Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| anything that occupies space and has mass | matter |
| a substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means | element |
| an element that is essential for life but required in extremely minute amounts | trace element |
| A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio. | compound |
| The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element | atom |
| a subatomic particle with a single positive electric charge, found in the nucleus of an atom | proton |
| a subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge. One or more move around the nucleus of an atom | electron |
| an electrically neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom. | neutron |
| an atom's central core, containing protons and neutrons. The genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell | nucleus |
| the number of protons in each atom of a particular element | atomic number |
| the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus | mass number |
| the approximate total mass of an atom; also called weight. given as a whole number and almost equals the mass number | atomic mass |
| a variant form of an atom. the element has the same number of protons but the number of neutrons is different. | isotope |
| an isotope who's nucleus decays spontaneously, giving off particles of energy | radioactive isotope |
| an energy level representing the distance of an electron from the nucleus of an atom | electron shell |
| a attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms. the bonded atoms gain complete valance shells | chemical bond |
| an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons, thus acquiring a charge | ion |
| a chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions | ionic bond |
| a compound resulting from the formation of ionic bonds, also called ionic compounds | salt |
| an attraction between atoms that share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons; symbolized by a single line between the atoms | covalent bond |
| a group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds | molecule |
| a double type of covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons; symbolized by a pair of lines between the bonded atoms | double bond |
| the attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond | electronegativity |
| a covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronetivity | nonpolar covalent bond |
| a covalent bond in atoms that differ in electronegativity. the shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electonegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive | polar covalent bond |
| a molecule containing polar covalent bonds | polar molecule |
| a type of weak chemical bond formed when the partially positive hydrogen atom participating in a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the partially negative atom participating in a polar covalent bond in another molecule. | hydrogen bond |
| the bonding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds | cohesion |
| the attraction between different kinds of molecules | adhesion |
| a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. | surface tension |
| thermal energy; the amount of energy associated with the movement of the atoms and molecules in a body of matter. energy in its most random form | heat |
| a measure of the intensity of heat in degrees, reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules | temperature |
| a liquid consisting of two or more substances | solution |
| the substance that is dissolved | solute |
| the substance that does the dissolving | solvent |
| a solution in which water is the solvent | aqueous solution |
| a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution | acid |
| a substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution | base |
| a measure of the relative acidity of a solution, ranging from 0-14 | pH scale |
| a chemical substance that resists changes in pH by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to solutions | buffers |
| rain,snow, or fog with a pH below 5.6 | acid precipitation |
| the making or breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter | chemical reaction |
| a starting material in a chemical reaction | reactant |
| an ending material in a chemical reation | product |
Created by:
emilyderleth
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