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chapter 2,3,4 vocab
science vocab flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polar | |
| cohesion | When molecules of the same substance stick together, related to surface tension |
| adhesion | the attraction force of two or more molecules of a different substance, related to capillarity |
| hydrogen bond | force of attraction between a hydrogen molecule with a partial positive charge and another atom with a full or partial negative charge |
| hydroxide ion | OH- is the symbol for a hydroxide ion, equation, H+ + H2O= H3O+ |
| hydronium ion | is a measure of acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
| acid | the number of hydronium ions within a solution determines a substances acidity. |
| base | a solution that contains more hydroxide ions |
| pH scale | a scale that helps determine the amount of acid or base a substance has |
| buffer | chemical substance that neutralizes the amount of acid or base added to a solution |
| organic compound | made out of carbon atoms, |
| monomer | smaller more simple molecules, bond to form polymers |
| polymer | molecule that consists of many repeated links, can related or structurally related |
| condensation reaction | the way monomers were formed to make polymers through a chemical process |
| ATP | translation, adenosine triphosphate, |
| carbohydrate | organic compounds can exist as a monosaccharide or as a disaccharide, a polysaccharide. source of energy, made up of one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. |
| monosaccharide | a monomer within a carbohydrate, simple sugar, general formula written as ( CH2O) |
| disaccharide | The combination of two monosaccharides that form a double, sugar. monosaccharides fructose and glucose combine to make a disaccharide sucrose |
| polysaccharide | complex molecule that is made up of three or more monosaccharides animals store glucose in the form of a ploysaccharides glycogen |
| protein | organic compounds that are made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Formed from a linkage of amino acids |
| amino acids | 20 different amino acids, share a similar basic structure. formed from a central carbon atom covalently bonded to four other atoms or functional groups |
| peptide bond | in a condensation reaction two amino acids form a covalent bond, called a peptide bond |
| polypeptide | amino acids that form a very long chain help form proteins, it takes many polypeptides |
| enzymes | RNA or protein molecules that act as biological catalytes |
| substrate | enzyme reactions depend on a physical fit between the enzyme molecule and its specific substrate the reactant being catalyzed. |
| active site | notice that the enzyme has folds, or an active site. |
| lipid | large non-polar molecules, do not dissolve in water, have a higher ratio of carbon and hydrogen atoms to oxygen atoms than carbohydrates |
| steroid | molecules composed of four fused carbon rings with various functional groups attached to them |
| nucleic acid | very large and very complex organic molecules that store and transfer important information in a cell |
| nucleotide | is made of three mane components: a phosphate group a five- carbon sugar, a ring shaped nitrogenoeus base. |
| cell | is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the life processes |
| cytoplasm | the region of a cell that is within the plasma membrane and that includes a fluid, cytoskeleton, and all the organelles except for the nucleus is the cytoplasm |
| cytosol | part of the cytoplasm that includes molecules and small particles such as ribosomes but not membrane- bound organelles |
| prokaryote | organism that lacks a membrane- bound nucleus and a membrane-bound organelle |
| eukaryote | organism made up of one or more cells that have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| organelle | sub-cellular structures, small intra-cellular that perform specific functions of the bodie |
| cytoskeleton | network of thin tubes and filaments that crisscrosses the cytosol. gives the cell its shape, acts as a system of internal tracks |
| microtubule | hollow tubes made of a protein called tubulin each consists of two slightly different subunits. Hold organelles in place, acts as a form of transport for molecules within a cell |
| microfilament | long threads of the beadlike protein actin and are linked end to end are wrapped around each other like two stands of rope. |
| cilium | hairlike structures that extend from the surface of a cell, assist in movement short present in many numbers for certain cells |
| flagellum | flagellas are longer and far less numerous in numbers where they occur |
| plastid | organelles that, like mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane that contains their own DNA |
Created by:
robert.b
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