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Science 2,3,4 vocab
Vocabulary for 2, 3 and 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polar | has opposite charges on opposite ends |
| Cohesion | The force that holds several molecules into a single material |
| Adhesion | The attraction force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other. |
| Hydrogen Bond | force occurring when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a electronegative atom of one molecule is attracted to two unshared electrons |
| Hydroxide Ion | the OH- ion |
| Hydronium Ion | ion with a proton combined with water H(little 3)O |
| Acid | On the pH scale under 7, increases the number of hydronium ions in water |
| Base | increases hydroxide ions when dissolved in water, red litmus paper turns blue |
| pH scale | Shows the rang of values of acid and bases, less than 7 is acid, more than 7 is a base, 7 is neutral |
| Buffer | made from a week acid and its conjugate base that neutralizes acids or bases |
| Organic Compound | A covalently bonded compound that contains carbon |
| Monomer | A simple molecule that can come together to create polymers or macromolecules |
| Polymer | A larger molecule made up of at least 5 monomers |
| Condensation Reaction | A reaction where monomers come together to produce water |
| ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) | Organic molecule that is the main energy source for cell processes (nitrogenous base, sugar, and three phosate groups) |
| Carbohydrate | Compound that provides nutrients for living things |
| Monosaccharide | Simple sugar monomer of a carbohydrate |
| Disaccharide | Sugar formed from two monosaccharides |
| Polysaccharide | carbohydrates of long chains of simple sugars (starch, cellulose and glycogen) |
| Protein | Organic compound chains of amino acids is a principal component of all cells |
| Amino Acid | organic molecule that contains a carboxyl and an animo group that makes up proteins; a protein monomer |
| Peptide bond | Chemical bond that forms between a carboxyl and animo group of two animo acids |
| Polypeptide | Long chain of animo acids |
| Enzyme | Protein or RNA molecule that speeds up the metabolism with permanently changing itS |
| Substrate | lies beneath and supports another part substance or element |
| Active site | the site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |
| Lipid | Large nonpolor organic molecule, including fats and steroids; store energy and make up cell membranes; store energy and make up cell membranes |
| Steroid | type of liquid that consists of four carbon rings with various functional groups are attached and usually has a physiological action |
| Nucleic Acid | RNA or DNA whose molecules are 1 or 2 chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information |
| nucleotide | a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
| Cell | Smallest unit that can do all life processes covered by a membrane and have DNA and cytoplasm |
| Cytoplasm | in a cell, includes the fluid, exoskeleton, and all the organelles kept the nucleus |
| Cytosol | solude portion of the cytoplasm, includes molecules and small particles, but not organelles covered with membranes |
| Prokaryote | cell with no nucleus or membrane, like bacteria |
| Eukarayote | organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclose dby a membrane, multiple chromosomes, and a mitotic cycle. |
| Organelle | found in the cytoplasm of a cell are specialized to perform a specific functions |
| cytoskeleton | cytoplasm network of protein filaments and tubes that play an essential role in cell |
| Microtubule | tubular fibers composed by protein tubulin found in the cytoplasm of eukarayote cells that compose the cytoskeleton |
| Cilium | hairlike structures put in tightly packed rows |
| Flagellum | Long hair-like structures that come out of a cell and helps it moves |
| Plastid | organelle of plant cells that contains specific substances and performs specific functions for the cell |
Created by:
Rozena3
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