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Cell Form & Function
call surface, membrane transport, second messengers
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plasma membrane | function: defines cell boundary, controls entry and exit, governs cell interactions; fluid mosaic model |
| phospholipid | triglyceride (- an fatty acid and + a phosphate group) |
| cholesterol | most common steroid in body |
| glycolipids | lipid containing carbohydrate groups |
| glycocalyx | fuzzy coat on the outside of the plasma membrane; function= id tag; composed of glycolipids and glycoproteins |
| integral proteins | embedded; protrudes through 1+ layer |
| trans membrane proteins | embedded; protrudes through both layers |
| peripheral proteins | sit on plasma membrane |
| membrane receptors | function: transport, receptors for transduction, enzymatic, intercellular joining, cell-cell recognition |
| channel proteins | a pathway through a protein molecule by which ions and small molecules can cross a membrane into or out of a cell |
| carrier proteins | membrane proteins that are attracted particular solutes and help with the passage of these solutes through membrane barriers |
| cell adhesion molecules | (CAMs) are proteins located on the cell surface involved with the binding with other cells or with the extracellular matrix |
| g protein linked receptors | initiate signal transduction pathways by facilitating the binding of a G protein subunit to GTP. |
| g proteins | involved in transmitting chemical signals outside the cell, and causing changes inside the cell. |
| 2nd messenger | molecules that relay signals from receptors on the cell surface to target molecules inside the cell, in the cytoplasm or nucleus. |
| membrane transport | solutes pass through the membrane based on size, charge, gradients, ATP, shape |
| active transport | ATP required |
| passive transport | no ATP required |
| Carrier mediated transport | movement which occurs across membranes |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance on two sides of a permeable barrier. |
| filtration | fluids move through space between cells; energy= fluid pressure |
| simple diffusion | small lipids move through bi layer; energy= gradient (no protein) |
| osmosis | movement of H20; uses aquaporins; energy= gradient |
| facilitated diffusion | requires channel or carrier membrane protein; energy= gradient; may be gated |
| aquaporin | proteins embedded in the cell membrane that regulate the flow of water |
| antiporter | mechanism of coupling the transport of two compounds across a membrane in opposite directions |
| symporter | The transport of two different molecules or ions in the same direction through a membrane |
| uniporter | transport of 1 molecule or ion through a membrane |
| primary active transport | can move particles up gradient;energy= ATP; example= Sodium potassium pump |
| secondary active transport | energy= potential energy created by primary active transport |
| sodium potassium pumps | a form of active transport that moves 3 NA+ out of cell and 2 K+ into cell; uses ~ 50% of calories |
| Sodium glucose transporter | symporter |
| vesicular transport | movement of large molecules or multiple molecules using membrane bound vesicles |
| exocytosis | cell directs the contents out of the cell membrane |
| endocytosis | the process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them |
| cell junction | a type of structure that exists within the tissue |
| Extracellular matrix | extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support |
| interstitial space | empty space or gap between spaces full of structure or matter. |
| tight junction | function= impermeable; prevent molecules from passing through intercellular space |
| desmosomes | function= resist tension, anchor and bind cells |
| gap junction | function= communication; allows ions & small molecules to pass from 1 cell to the next for intercellular communication |
| cytoskeleton | network of protein fibers in cell; provide suppoort, determine shape and organize contents |
| microfilaments | actin containing protein filaments widely distributed in the cytoplasm; help maintain structural framework & cell movement |
| intermediate filaments | insoluble protein fibers; provide structural stability |
| microtubules | hollow tubes of spherical protein ( sub units called tubulins); determine cell shape, cell locomotion |
| How does the structure of the plasma membrane determine function? | |
| How do membrane proteins allow for specificity? | |
| How does the plasma membrane determine interactions with other cells and/or the extracellular matrix? |
Created by:
ashnicolexox
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