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Cardiac Smart Girl
Cardiac
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| valve between right atrium & right ventricle | tRIGHTcuspid (tricuspid) valve |
| pacemaker of the heart at rate of 60-100 bpm | SA Node |
| Major VEIN of the head | Jugular |
| Receives blood from the superior & Inferior vena cava | Right Atrium |
| Space between the parietal & visceral layer | Pericardial Space |
| Pumps blood into the systemic circulation | Left Ventricle |
| 3 Layers of the heart | 1. Endocardium (musc) 2. Epicardium (outer) 3. Pericardium (inner fibrous) |
| Receives OXYGENATED blood from the pulmonary veins | Left Atrium |
| Valve between the left atrium & the left ventricle | mitraLEFT (mitral) valve |
| Paces the heart at 40-60 bpm | AV Node |
| High pitched sound occuring when mitral & tricuspid valves close | |
| Sound created by turbulent blood flow | Murmur |
| Ventricular contraction is known as | Systole |
| Name the semilunar valves | pulmonic & Aoric valves |
| What makes the S1 & S2 sounds | S1=closing of the Mitral & Bicuspid valves S2=closing of the Aortic & Pulmonic valves |
| Which coronary supplies the AV Node | Right Coronary Artery |
| What are the 3 main coronary arteries | 1. Right Cornary Artery 2. Left Anterior Descending 3. Circuflex Coronary Artery |
| Name the conduction through the heart | SA Node - AV Node - Bundle of HIS - R & L Bundle Branch - Perkinje fibers |
| Normal range for the PR interval | 0.12-0.20 seconds |
| Normal range for the QRS complex | < 0.12 seconds |
| Normal range for the QT interval | < 0.44 |
| The P wave represents | Atrial contraction or Atrial Depolarization |
| The QRS complex represents | Ventricular Depolarization |
| The T wave represents | Repolarization of the ventricles |
| The U wave represents | Repolarization of Perkinje Fibers |
| If a U wave is present what lald be labs should be drawn | Draw k & expect hypokalemia |
| The QRS complex represents | Ventricular Depolarization |
| The T wave represents | Repolarization of the ventricles |
| The U wave represents | Repolarization of Perkinje Fibers |
| If a U wave is present what lald be labs should be drawn | Draw k & expect hypokalemia |
| an abnormal assessment finding inspected while the PT is gradually elevated from supine to upright (30-45 degrees). Distention & prominent pulsations caused by an increase in R atrial pressure | Jugular Vein distention |
| Central cyanosis | Inadequate O2 saturation of arterial blood s/s include bluish, purplish tinge in central areas such as tongue, conjunctivae, inner lips |
| Decreased bloodflow to extremities b/c of hear failure, vasoconstriction, or cold enviornment s/s include bluish, purplish tinge extremeties, or on nose & ears | peripheral cyanosis |
| Pulsus Alternans | Reg rhythm, strength & pulsevaries with each beat. *every other beat will decrease, going from high amplitude to low |
| Pulsus Paradoxus | Blood in pericardial space compresses heart when PT takes a breath in *Caused by Cardiac Tamponade |
| Bruits | Turbulent bloodflow w/i a vessel |
| Cause of Distended neck veins | Fluid Overload |
| What should you assess for if you find an absent pulse | Assess for presence of a clot or damage |
| HR >100 | Tachycardia which can be caused by anxiety, pain, fever, or hyperthyroidism |
| HR <60 | Bradycardia which could be caused by sleep, meds, or adv rxn to meds |
| *Pericardial Friction Rub is usually caused by | Pericarditis |
| To perform an assessment on an individual with kyphosis what should you do | Alter chest landmarks |
| Gero consideration: Fibrosis of the conduction sys will cause | lengthening of QRS, PRI, & QTI and irreg HR |
| Gero consideration: Calcification of heart valves may cause | systolic murmurs (aortic or mitral) |
| Increased WBCs may be due to | Infection or Inflammation during an MI |
| Why would you check RBCs, Hct & Hgb | To check oxygen carrying capicity |
| Decreased Plateles may indicate | an increased risk for bleeding |
| CK (creatinine kinase) presence gives info about | injury to brain, heart or skeletal musc *know it is not specific to the heart |
| CK-MB | (specific to the heart) increased means there myocardial tissue injury (there should normally be none present). Onset 4-6hrs, peak 18-24hrs & returns to baseline w/i 3 days after MI |
| What is Troponin | Myocardial Musc Protein only release into circulation after injury. Detectable w/i 1hr, has a high specificity 3-6hrs, peak w/i 12 hrs, can be detected up to 14 days |
| What is Myoglobin | A very sensitive early indicator of Myocardial Injury, increases in 30-60 mins following injury, but declines after 7hrs |
| What does an increase in Homocysteine indicate | linked to a 1st Cardiac events, predicts a stroke or MI |
| What does an increase in C-Reactive Protein indicate | Acute MI inflammation |
| What does an increase in BNP (B-Natriuretic Peptide)indicate | Heart failure, *It aids in distinguishing Cardiac vs Respiratory cause of Dyspnea |
| How does hypokalemia affect the heart | Impairs myocardial conduction & prolongs ventricular repolarization |
| How is Hypokalemia represented on an ECG | PVC's (usaully 1st sign), V-Tach, V-Fib & Prominent U wave |
Created by:
shidac
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