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Currents, Climate...

Chapter 7: Currents, Climate, and Wind

QuestionAnswer
Longshore Currents waves come onto the beach at an angle and cause the water to move parallel to the beach. This causes longshore drift, the movement of sediments parallel to the shore.
Rip Currents strong currents perpendicular to the shore caused by the concentrated diversion of longshore currents
Largest current in the world Kuroshio
Fastest current in the world Gulf Stream
Thermohaline Circulation density-driven deep-ocean currents; cold, salty waters sink, and new water takes its place on the surface, causing a flow of water
Upwelling surface currents flow away from shore and deeper water comes up to replace it
Downwelling surface currents flow toward shore and then sink deeper
Turbidity Currents fast-moving, sediment-laden water moving down an underwater slope and depositing sediment that forms turbidites; this results in graded bedding (rocks layered on top of each other based on size; small on top, large on bottom)
Langmuir Circulation phenomenon discovered by Irving Langmuir in 1938. Wind blows across the water and causes vertical circulation cells underwater. These cause plant material and nutrients to surface in long lines parallel to the wind called windrows.
Gyre swirling vortexes of water caused by the coriolis effect
Ekman Transport Net 90 degree flow due to coriolis effect
Geostrophic Currents water piles up in a hill in the center of gyres due to ekman transport and gravity tries to push the water down the hill slope. When gravity pushes water down the slope, it is deflected by the coriolis effect and causes the flow of water called geostrophi
Direction of gyres in northern hemisphere clockwise
Scale measuring wind speed Beaufort Scale
Circulation/Convection Cells Hadley, Ferrell, Polar
ITCZ (Intertropical Convergence Zone): trade winds converge in this low pressure zone near the equator, from about 5° north and 5° south. The sun heats the region and forces air to rise through convection which results in large amounts of precipitation.
scale measuring hurricane intensity Saffir-Simpson Scale
Scale measuring tornado intensity Fujita Scale
Created by: RCHS
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