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VNSG 1400 Exam 2
Nursing in Health and Illness
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Metabolic disorder of the pancreas | Diabetes Mellitus |
| Abdominal obesity, HTN, elvated LDP, triglycerides, blood glucose levels, and low HDL | Metabolic Syndrome |
| what percentage of adults acquire the diabetes mellitus disorder as adults | 90-95% |
| Diabetes Mellitus is increased in what races | African americans, latinos, native americans, and asian americans |
| the problem in Diabetes mellitus is in the | pancreas |
| the islets of langerhans | hormone secreting cells; releases insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide |
| lowers the level of blood glucose when it rises above normal limits | Insulin |
| raises blood sugar levels by stimulating glycogenolysis | Glucagon |
| breaks down glucose from the liver | Glycogenolysis |
| helps maintain a constant level of blood sugar by inhibiting the release of insulin and glucagon | Somatostatin |
| it is a chronic systemic disease | Diabetes Mellitus |
| the exact cause of diabetes is | unknown |
| family history of diabetes | Heredity risk factors |
| what percent of type 1 diabetes carry islet of Langerhans | 80% |
| Hispanic, African American, or Indian have a | 33% higher chance of getting diabetes |
| Hispanic have a | 30% higher risk for type 2 diabetes |
| Indian have a | 33-50% higher risk for type 2 diabetes |
| the leading cause of blindness | Diabetic eye disease |
| leading cause of foot and leg amputations | Gangrene |
| leading cause of end stage renal disease | Kidney disease |
| hardening of the blood vessels | Atherosclerosis |
| the body's chief fuel | Glucose |
| the only source of nutrition for the brain | Glucose |
| people with pre-diabetes have | impaired fasting glucosse 100-125mg/dL and impaired tolerance 140-199mg/dL |
| Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | IDDM-Type 1 |
| Type one diabetes was formally called | juvenile onset |
| treatment for type 1 diabetic is | insulin injections, diet and exercise |
| A type one diabetic is more prone to | Hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis |
| Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | NIDDM- Type 2 |
| type two diabetes was formally known as | Adult diabetes |
| Pregnancy induced diabetes | gestational diabetes |
| in type one diabetes | the glucose does not enter the cell because insulin is not available to "unlock" the door |
| when fat is metabolized because of the lack of glucose | ketones are released and excreted in the urine as acetone |
| when too many ketones are released, they accumulate in the body and cause | diabetic coma or ketoacidosis |
| increased urine output | polyuria |
| polydipsia | increased thirst |
| increased hunger | polyphagia |
| symptoms due to dehydration in type 1 diabetes | warm, dry, flushed skin, poor skin turgor, rapid weak pulse, low blood pressure, dry mucus membranes, and malaise |
| symptoms due to ketosis | loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, weakness, thirst, acetone breath, lethargic, and coma |
| abdominal pain, blood glucose 300-1000mg/dL, urine positive for glucose and ketones, blood pH<7.35, biocarbonate level acidic<22 | Other symptoms of type one diabetes |
| noncompliance with medical regimen, infection, failure to eat, vomiting, and stress | causes for ketoacidosis |
| reduce elevated blood glucose, correct fluid and electrolyte imbalances, clear urine and blood of ketones | goals of treating DKA |
| Diabetic Ketoacidosis | DKA |
| makes glucose available for use by tissues | Insulin drip |
| rehydration of cells | IV fluid replacement |
| causes potassium to move from the extracellular fluid to the cells | Insulin |
| The acid base balance is disrupted | ketoacidosis |
| Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome | HNNKS |
| patient goes into coma from hyperglycemia, but ketones are not elevated | HNNKS |
| gives an average of the glucose level for the past 2-4 months | Glycoslated hemoglobin also called A1C |
| pt will eat a meal of about 100g of carbs after an overnight fast | Postprandial glucose test |
| normal glucose levels | 80-120mg/dL |
| may not become evident until glucose exceeds the renal threshold | Glycosuria and ketonuria |
| 3 p's, dry skin, blurred vision, drowsiness, weight loss, fatigue, and dehydration | S/S of hyperglycemia |
| tremors, tachycardia, sweating, anxious, dizziness, irritable, slurred speech, impaired judgement | S/S of hypoglycemia |
| hunger, nausea, vision diturbances, fatigue, HA, and weakness | S/S shared for hypo and hyperglycemia |
Created by:
nursekk
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