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Chemistry-Biochem

Aqueous Solutions, pH, marcromolecules, enzymes, ATP

QuestionAnswer
Ion charged particle
Nonpolar covalent bond equal sharing of electrons
Polar covalent bond unequal sharing of electrons
Hydrogen bond partial negative charge combines with partial positive charge
Solution solutes dissolved into a liquid solvent
Solvent A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance
Solute A substance dissolved in another substance, usually the component of a solution present in the lesser amount
Solvency capable of dissolving another substance (H20= universal solvent)
Adhesion sticking to other molecules
Cohesion sticking to each other
Specific heat capacity amount of energy needed to raise 1 gram of substance by 1° C
Evaporative cooling process in which the heat is removed from an object by the evaporation of a liquid coolant
Molarity moles/liter
Molecular Weight grams/moles
Moles 6.022 x 1023 atoms or molecules
Osmoles one gram mol of an undissociated substance dissolved in 1 lit of solution is 1 osmole
Osmolarity osmoles/ liters
Acid proton donors (release H in solution)
Base Proton acceptors (release OH in solution)
pH pH = - log [H+]
Buffer Chemical solution that is resistant to pH change
Macromolecule large molecules of repeating units
Polymer monomers covalently linked
Monomer basic unit
Hydrolysis the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water.
Dehydration synthesis building something up while taking water out.
Carb macro nutrient
Monosacchride monomer of carbs
Disaccharide 2 monomers covalently linked
Polysaccharide 50+ monosacchrides
Glucose monosaccharide; blood sugar
Fructose monosaccahride; fruit sugar
Cellulose polysaccharide
Glycogen large storage polysaccharide
Starch storage polysaccharide
Surcrose disacchride
Lactose disacchride
Glycolipid compound lipid; neutral fat + glucose
Protein Macro Nutrient
Amino Acid protein monomer
Peptide 2 amino acid covalently bonded
Polypeptide many amnio acids
Primary Structure linear structure
Secondary Structure hydrogen bonds create pleats or helices
Tertiary structure hydrophobic/hydrophillic interactions between R groups
Quaternary structure interactions between 2+ polypeptide chains
Collagen type of protein
Glycoprotein A molecule that consists of a carbohydrate plus a protein cocalently bonded
Lipid macro nutrient
Triglycerides lipid monomer
Glycerol type of lipid
Fatty Acid type of lipid
Adipose type of lipid
Phospholipid type of lipid
Cholesterol type of lipid
Enzyme proteins that a biological catalysts
Activation Energy the energy that a system must acquire before a process can occur
Substrate The substance acted upon by an enzyme.
Active Site specific region of an enzyme where a substrate binds and catalysis takes place
ATP fuel for all cells
Phosphorylation energy transfer through phosphate bonds
Kinase An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to a specified molecule.
Anaerobic respiration describes rapid energy from chemical reactions that do not require oxygen.
Aerobic respiration describes energy reactions that need oxygen.
Why is it useful to review chemistry in human physiology? because physiological responses in the body are are controlled by chemical reactions
What is the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration? As the H+ ion concerntration increases, the pH decreases. As the OH- ion concerntration increases, the pH increases.
What is the relationship between cellular respiration, ATP and human physiology? cellular respiration harvest energy from food an turns it into ATP, then ATP gives your body energy
Created by: ashnicolexox
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