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RHS Chapter 1 Vocab
biology vocabulary for chapter one in textbook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| biosphere | the entire portion of earth inhabited by life, the sum of all the planet's ecosystems |
| ecosystem | all the organisms in a given area, along with the nonliving factors as with which they interact; a biological community and its physical environment |
| community | an assemblage of all the organisms living together and potentially interacting in a particular area |
| population | a group of individuals belonging to one species and living in the same geographic area |
| organism | an individual living thing, such as a bacterium, fungus, protist, plant, or animal |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together in performing vital body functions |
| organ | a structure consisting of several tissues adapting as a group to perform specific functions |
| tissue | an integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both |
| cell | a basic unit of living matter separated from its environment by a plasma membrane; the fundamental structural unit of life |
| organelle | a membrane-enclosed structure with a specialized function within a cell |
| molecule | a group of two or more atoms held together by a covalent bonds |
| emergent properties | new properties that emerge with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing in the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases |
| producers | an organism that makes organic food molecules from CO2,H2O, and other inorganic raw materials: a plant, alga, or autotrophic prokaryote |
| consumers | an organism that obtains its food by eating plants or by eating animals that have eaten plants |
| systems biology | an approaching to study biology that aims to model the dynamic behavior of whole biology systems |
| prokaryotic cell | a type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea |
| eukaryotic cell | a type of cell that has a membrane-enclosed nucleus and other membrane-enclosed organelles. all organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed on either side of the eardrum |
| genes | a discrete unit of hierarchy info consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA. most of the genes of a eukaryotic are located in its chromosomal DNA; a few are carried by the DNA of mitochondria and chloroplasts |
| species | a group whose members posses similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to interbreed and produce viable, fertile offspring |
| domains | a taxonomic category above the kingdom level. the three domains of life are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
| Bacteria | one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Archaea |
| Archaea | one of two prokaryotic domains of life, the other being Bacteria |
| Eukarya | the domain that includes all eukaryotic organisms |
| evolution | descent with modification; the idea that living species are descendants of ancestral species that were different form present-day ones; also genetic changes in a populate over generations |
| natural selection | a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics |
| hypothesis | a tentative explanation a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed |
| theory | a widely accepted explanatory idea that is broad in scope and supported by a large body of evidence |
| technology | the practical application of scientific knowledge |
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