Adenosine TriPhosphate. The energy currency of cells.

How does ATP energize a process?

ATP either energizes a reactant or changes the reactant's shape; both are accomplished in the same manner: BY THE DIRECT TRANSFER OF A PHOSPHATE GROUP TO THE REACTANT

Energy exits the reaction. The reactants have more energy than the product.

Biological catalysts. They lower the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction, they increase the reaction rate.

Characteristics of Enzymes

-Proteins with specific 3-D shapes -function by "splitting" molecules -works on a substance called a substrate. the substrate fits to the enzyme's active site like a puzzle piece.

Diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane due to cncentration differences.

Means "more than" Outside the cell wall the concentration of the solute is more than (and the concentration of the water is less than) inside the cell.

Means "less than" Outside the cell, the concentration of solute is less (so the concentration of the water is more) than inside the cell.

Means "same as" The concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane.

The more solute in the solution the more your water molecules are having to do.

Direction of water movement when crossing the cell membrane

Water always moves from Hypo to Hyper!!

Types of molecules that can cross the cell membrane...

Must be relitively small aand non-polar or hydrophobic. (Water is the exception)

Molecules or ions move through the plasma membrane, accumulating on one side of the cell; this is movement of molecules against their concentraition gradients (from LOWER concentration to HIGHER concentration)Requires both a carrier protien and ATP

facilitated diffusion

Faster than simple diffusion. Certain molecules cross membranes by combining with a carrier protein.

When molecules move down concentration gradiant (from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration) until equalibrium is achieved and they are distributed equally. Does not require energy.

Diffusion when is it most efficient?

Facilitated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion.

Energy enters the reaction. Products have more energy than the reactants.

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Bio Chapter 5

Bio Review Test 1

Question	Answer
Define ATP	Adenosine TriPhosphate. The energy currency of cells.
How does ATP energize a process?	ATP either energizes a reactant or changes the reactant's shape; both are accomplished in the same manner: BY THE DIRECT TRANSFER OF A PHOSPHATE GROUP TO THE REACTANT
Exergonic reactions	Energy exits the reaction. The reactants have more energy than the product.
Denifine Ensymes	Biological catalysts. They lower the amount of activation energy needed to start a reaction, they increase the reaction rate.
Characteristics of Enzymes	-Proteins with specific 3-D shapes -function by "splitting" molecules -works on a substance called a substrate. the substrate fits to the enzyme's active site like a puzzle piece.
Osmosis	Diffusion of water across a differently permeable membrane due to cncentration differences.
Hypertonic Solution	Means "more than" Outside the cell wall the concentration of the solute is more than (and the concentration of the water is less than) inside the cell.
Hypotonic Solution	Means "less than" Outside the cell, the concentration of solute is less (so the concentration of the water is more) than inside the cell.
Isotonic solution	Means "same as" The concentration is the same on both sides of the membrane.
solute concentration	The more solute in the solution the more your water molecules are having to do.
Direction of water movement when crossing the cell membrane	Water always moves from Hypo to Hyper!!
Types of molecules that can cross the cell membrane...	Must be relitively small aand non-polar or hydrophobic. (Water is the exception)
examples of molecules that would cross the membrane	?
active transport	Molecules or ions move through the plasma membrane, accumulating on one side of the cell; this is movement of molecules against their concentraition gradients (from LOWER concentration to HIGHER concentration)Requires both a carrier protien and ATP
facilitated diffusion	Faster than simple diffusion. Certain molecules cross membranes by combining with a carrier protein.
Define Diffusion	When molecules move down concentration gradiant (from HIGHER concentration to LOWER concentration) until equalibrium is achieved and they are distributed equally. Does not require energy.
Diffusion when is it most efficient?	Facilitated diffusion is faster than simple diffusion.
Endergonic Reaction	Energy enters the reaction. Products have more energy than the reactants.

Created by: MrsLippig

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