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A&P I - Chapter I
History and Culture
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| repeating sin wave of a human body function is said to be | not chaotic or periodic |
| "In their book WHAT IS LIFE, Margulis and Sagan support the notion that life is autopoietic" | TRUE |
| This physician and scientist was the first to form the concept of the relative constancy of the body's internal fluid environment | "Bernard, Claudius" |
| This scientist sparked a revolution during the Renaissance in Europe when he broke from tradition and began doing his own dissections. | Vesalius |
| A biological unit that is made up of organelles is the ___?____ | Cell |
| The term homeostasis was first used by this person. | Cannon |
| William Harvey's ANATOMICAL EXERCISES contains scientific proof that | blood circulates |
| The body's maintenance of a relatively constant internal termperature is an example of | homeostasis |
| This organ belongs to which system (Brain and Brain stem)? | Nervous System |
| If something is biotic it is? | Alive |
| James Lovelock and lynn Margulis collaborated on which idea for which they are famous? | The Gaia Hypothesis |
| Lynn Margulis is significant in science because she contributed to knowledge about the ___?__ | Definition of Life (Self-organizing); Gaia Hypothesis |
| Study of the visible structures of the body is called | Gross Anatomy |
| "According to our course, life is self-organizing" | TRUE |
| In the Wallenda model the fact that Karl Wallenda died in a fall from the high wire represents the idea that homeostasis ___ | Is vital to healthy survival |
| "In a positive feedback loop, a change in the body's internal characteristics is" | is amplified |
| "In the ""engineering home"" model of homeostasis, match up each component with what it represents: Room temperature; Thermometer; Thermostat; Furnace; Air Conditioner" | Room Temp : Variable; Thermometer: Sensor; Thermostat: Integrator; Furnace: Effector; Air Conditioner: Effector |
| Schleiden & Schwann's theory about cells states that | All organisms are made up of one or more cells |
| Match descriptions to proper tissue type: 1. shortends in order to move body parts. 2. forms membranes. 3. forms glands | Muscle Tissue; Epithelial Tissue; Epithelial Tissue |
| "In a feedback loop, the hypothalamus of the brain would most likely be an example of a(n)" | Integrator |
| "Put these levels of organization in correct biological order, starting with the largest grouping (broadest level): organelle, organ, ecosystem, cell, organism, tissue" | Ecosystem; organism; organ; tissue; cell; organelle |
| "A(n) __?__is what we call a term that is based on a person's name, such as ""Golgi apparatus"" or ""Bowman's capsule""." | Eponym |
| "When an experiment takes into account various factors that could influence the outcome, the experiement is said to be" | Controlled |
| A fractal-like surface of the intestinal lining allows it to have a huge capacity for absorption of nutrients. | TRUE |
| "All of the forests of the world together are called the ""Forest __?__""?" | biosphere |
| "Match the process with the type of physiological regulation that it represents. pituitary --> bone growth. prostaglandin E spread from one cell to the next. the enzyme rapidase speeds up certain activities inside a cell. | 1. Extrinsic regulation 2. Intrinsic regulation 3. Intracellular regulation |
| "Chaos, as a scientific concept, can be best described as" | Constrained randomness |
| "Science, as a process, changes over time." | TRUE |
| Physiology is primarily the study of | Functions |
| "If an aperiodic function suddenly becomes periodic, then we can expect" | a change for the worse |
| Tissue type that shortens in order to move body parts | Muscle |
| Tissue type that forms membranes | Epithelial |
| Tissue type that forms glands | Epithelial |
| "The term ""Anatomy"" and the term ""Physiology"" both literally mean ""Cutting apart""" | FALSE |
| Branching of blood vessels is an example of chaos in the human body | TRUE |
| Gunther von hagens has created a controversial art exhibit using human bodies that have been preserved through the process of | plastination |
| "The ""Fabric"" of the body are groups of similar cells -- groups that are called __?__" | tissue |
| Match process to regulation. Thyroid hormone increases rate of metabolism in the heart | Extrinsic regulation |
| "Match process to regulation. Nitric oxide spread from one cell to the next, slowing the activity of neighboring cells" | Intrinsic regulation |
| Match process to regulation. The enzyme catalase breaks down old organelles within a cell | Intracellular regulation |
| "In a feedback loop, a heat-sensing nerve receptor would be an example of a(n)?" | Sensor |
| List the components of a negative feeback loop | Variable; Sensor/Receptor; Integrator (Control center / set point); Effector |
| Constrained randomness is a way of describing the scientific concept of | Chaos |
| "According Schleiden & Schwann, the cell" | is the basic unit of all living organisms |
| Our textbook states that scientists often define life as a list of characteristics of living organisms. | TRUE |
| "In the fishbowl model of homeostasis, the glass tank represents" | Skin |
| Greek work parts are often used in scientific terminology | TRUE |
| Anatomical atlas by Pernkopf is controversial because | subjects depicted may be victims of Nazi cruelty |
| There is only one method in science: hypothesis-experiment-theory. No exceptions are acceptable in modern science | FALSE |
| The English physician proved that blood circulates | Harvey |
| An example of an abiotic factor is 1. squirrel 2. tree 3. rock 4. frog 5. bird 6. bacteria 7. mold | Rock |
| An ecosystem includes all of these EXCEPT: 1. communities 2. biomes 3. organisms 4. populations 5. tissues 6. cells | Biomes |
| "If a change in the body triggers a mechanism that causes a reduction of reversal of that change, we say that _?_ feedback has occurred" | Negative |
| "When a scientist reports experimental results in a scientific journal, we say that the scientist is" | Publising the work |
| A person's brain waves (EEG) are found to be chaotic. Such waves are normally aperiodic. This EEG reading most likely means | a continued good health |
| "dynamic, energy-consuming process describes what?" | homeostasis |
| "This author of NEW ORGANON is considered by many to be the first to describe the ""Scientific Method""" | Bacon |
| "Dorion Sagan contributed to the content in our couse in the form of his contributions in the understading of the _?_, _?_" | Defition of life; significance of autopoeisis |
| Bones are made up of what major type of human body tissue? | Connective Tissue |
| Another name for the biosphere along with all its living and nonliving components is | Gaia |
| "Match descriptions to proper body system: 1. Includes hormon-producing glands. 2. Includes the kidneys. 3. Includes the brain and spinal cord. | 1. Endocrine 2. Urinary 3. Nervous |
| Vladimir Vernadsky (2 things) | Developed the concept of the biosphere and stated that life is a process not a thing |
| "In a feedback loop, the blood pressure that you would normall expect would be an example of a(n)" | set point |
| "Chemical reactions that break large molecules down into smaller, simpler molecules is called" | Catabolism |
| "According the Vladimir Vernadsky, is life more a thing or more a process?" | Process |
| "Claude Bernard coined the term ""homeostatis""?" | No. Cannon did |
| The scientific method relies on a logical approach to problem solving. | TRUE |
| an irregular wave plotted on a graph showing a human body function is | aperiodic; chaotic |
| the term anatomy literally means | to cut apart |
| Chaos in the body's structures may mean that a very large number of different genes are needed to code for even a very simple structure. | FALSE |
| "In the fishbowl model of homeostasis, the fish feeder represents" | Digestive system |
| "If a chaotic function suddenly becomes regular and rhythmic, then we can expect" | a change for the worse |
| All of the biomes of the earth together make up the | biosphere |
| A term based on a person's name | eponym; should not be in possessive form and should be avoided if possible |
| MRI is a modern way to sudy human body structure and function. Mansfield and Lauterbur won a _?_ in 2003 for their discoveries concerning this new method. | Nobel Prize |
| "When a scientist performs experiements that have already been done by others, we say that the scientists is" | replicating the work |
| "This Greek physician was considered to be ""the authority"" on human biology throughout the Middle ages" | Claudius Galen |
| ABDOMINAL CAVITY | "From the diaphragm to the rim of the pelvic bones. Organs: stomach, liver, most of the intestines, pancreas, spleen, kidneys" |
| ABDOMINAL REGION | Area overyling the abdominal cavity |
| ABDOMINIOPELVIC CAVITY | From the diaphragm to the bottom of the trunk |
| ANATOMICAL POSITION | "Human: standing, facing the viewer. Hands are held down along the side of the trunk, with palms facing forward. Animal: standing on all four limbs, head facing forward." |
| ANTEBRACHIAL | Forearm surface region |
| ANTERIOR | Toward the front of the body |
| AXILLARY | Armpit surface region |
| BRACHIAL | Upper arm surface region |
| BUCCAL | Cheeck (side of mouth) surface region |
| CARDIOVASCULAR | "Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries. Function to exchange and transport materials" |
| CARPAL | Wrist surface region |
| CAUDAL | (or caudad) toward the tail |
| CEPHALAD | Toward the head |
| CERVICAL | Neck surface region |
| COXAL | Hip surface region |
| CRANIAL CAVITY | within the skull. Organ: brain |
| CRURAL | Anterior Lower Leg (shin) surface region |
| CUBITAL | Anterior of elbow |
| DEEP | Toward the inside of a part; away from the surface |
| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | "Stomach, intestines, esophagus, liver, mouth, pancreas. Function to breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of wastes." |
| DISTAL | Away from the trunk or point of attachment (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage) |
| DORSAL | Along (or toward) the vertebral surface of the body |
| ENDOCRINE | "Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroids, other glands. Function to control/regulatoin of other systems" |
| EPIGASTRIC REGION | "Top middle region: Epigastric means ""near the stomach""" |
| FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE | "Ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina. Function: reproduction, nurturing of offspring" |
| FEMORAL | Upper leg (thigh) surface region |
| FLANK | Lateral regions |
| FRONTAL PLANE | Also called Coronal plane divides the body into front and back portions |
| GLUTEAL | Buttocks |
| HORIZONTAL PLANE | Also called Transverse plane divides the body into a top and bottom portions |
| HYPOGASTIC REGION | "Lower middle region: Hypogastric means ""below the stomach""" |
| INFERIOR | Toward the bottom of the body |
| INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM | "Skin. Function: protection, temperature regulation, sensation" |
| LATERAL | "Toward the side, away from the midsagittal plane" |
| LEFT | The patients left |
| LEFT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION | Top left region |
| LEFT ILIAC REGION | "Lower left region: iliac refers to ilium, the bowl-like part of the hip bone" |
| LEFT LUMBAR REGION | Middle left region: Lumbar refers to lumbar vertebrae in lower back |
| LUMBAR | Lower back surface region |
| LYMPHATIC SYSTEM | "Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils. Function: immunity, fluid balance" |
| MALE REPRODUCTIVE | "Testes, vas deferens, prostate, seminal vesicles, penis. Function: continuation of genes (reproduction)" |
| MEDIAL | "Toward the midsagittal plane, away from the side" |
| MEDIASTINUM | "Middle one third of thorax. Organs: Heart, trachea, esphagus and major blood vessels" |
| MEDULLARY | Refers to innter region or medulla |
| MENTAL | Chin surface region |
| MIDSAGGITAL PLANE | Refers to a sagittal plane that divides the body into exactly equal left and right portions |
| MUSCULAR SYSTEM | "Skeletal muscle, tendons; Funtion: Movement, posture, heat production" |
| NERVOUS SYSTEM | "Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs. Function: control/regulation/coordination of other systems, sensation, memory" |
| OCCIPITAL | Posterior of head surface region |
| ORBITAL | Eye surface region |
| PARIETAL | Toward the wall; away from internal structures |
| PATELLAR | Anterior knee joint surface region |
| PELVIC CAVITY | "From the pelvic rim to the floor of the trunk. Organs: portions of the intestines, ovaries, uterus, urinary bladder" |
| PLEURAL CAVITY | Left one third and right one third of the thoracic cavity. Organ: Lungs |
| POPLITEAL | Posterior knee joint surface region |
| PROXIMAL | Toward the trunk (describes relative position in a limb or other appendage) |
| PUBIC | "Lower front of trunk, between legs surface region" |
| RESPIRATORY SYSTEM | "Lungs, bronchial tree, trachea, larynx, nasal cavity; Function: Gas exchange, acid-base balance" |
| RIGHT | Direction according to patient |
| RIGHT HYPOCHONDRIAC REGION | "Top right region: hypochondriac means ""below (rib) cartilage""" |
| RIGHT ILIAC REGION | "Lower right region: iliac refers to illium, the bowl-like part of the hip bone" |
| RIGHT LUMBAR REGION | Middle right region: lumbar refers to lumbar vertebrae in lower back |
| SAGITTAL PLANE | "extends from front to back and top to bottom, dividing the body into left and right portions." |
| SCPAULAR | Shoulder blade surface region |
| SKELETAL | "Bones, ligaments. Function: Movement, posture, heat production" |
| SPIPAL CAVITY | Withing the vertebral colum. Organ: spinal cord |
| SUPERFICIAL | "Toward the surface of a part, away from the inside" |
| SUPERIOR | Toward the top of the body |
| SURAL | Calf surface region |
| TARSAL | Ankle surface region |
| THORACIC CAVITY | Within the rib cage |
| THORACIC REGION | Upper back surface area |
| UMBILICAL REGION | "Central region (umbillical refers to the umbilicus, or navel)" |
| URINARY SYSTEM | "Kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Function: Excretion of waste, fluid and electroylyte balance, acid-base balance" |
| VENTRAL | Along the belly surface of the body |
| VISCERAL | "Toward an internal organ, away from the outer wall (describes positions inside a body cavity)" |
| "Match descriptions to proper body system: 1. Provides rigid support for the body. 2. Includes the skin. 3. Carries nutrients throughout the body, to all the cells" | 1. Skeletal 2. Integumentary 3. Cardivascular |
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tracykrawzik
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