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Tides
Chapter 9: Tides
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Tide | periodic rise & fall of ocean resulting from gravitational interactions of moon, sun, & earth |
| Tidal range | difference between high & low tide water lines |
| Ebb flow | Seaward tidal flow from high to low tide |
| Flood flow | Landward tidal flow from low to high tide |
| Slack water | Time of no flow between ebb and flood |
| Diurnal tide | one high & one low tide are experienced each day |
| Semidiurnal tide | two high & two low tides of approximately equal altitudes occur daily |
| Mixed tide | two strongly unequal high & low tides occur daily |
| Spring tide | tide occurring twice a month in which greatest tidal range is experienced (occurs during new & full moon) |
| Neap tide | tide occurring twice a month when the tidal range is the smallest |
| Microtidal | coast with <2m tidal range |
| Mesotidal | Type of coast with 2-4m tidal range |
| Macrotidal | Type of coast w/ >4m tidal range |
| Gravitational force | force of attraction between masses |
| Centrifugal force | An apparent "center-fleeing force" felt by objects experiencing uniform circular motion as a result of inertial resistance to centripetal acceleration |
| Coriolis force | Apparent force caused by rotation of the earth, responsible for the deflection of surface currents to the right in the northern hemisphere & to the left in southern hemisphere |
| Equilibrium theory of tide formation | Two tidal bulges are produced on opposite sides of the earth; the bulge facing the moon is produced largely by the moon's gravitational effect, whereas the bulge on the opposite side is produced by centripetal acceleration (centrifugal force) |
| Apogee | when distance between the moon & the earth is 407,000km; causes slightly lower tides |
| Perigee | when distance between the moon & the earth is 357,000km; causes higher tides |
| Equinoxes | Sept. 21, March 21. Spring tides are highest b/c moon, earth, and sun are in straight line |
| Solstices | June 21, Dec. 21; spring tides are lower b/c moon, earth, and sun are NOT aligned |
| Perihelon | Location of sun during winter (for northern hemisphere); 148,500,000km from earth |
| Aphelion | location of sun during summer (for northern hemisphere); 152,200,000km from earth |
| Amphidromic system | Region under the influence of a single rotating kelvin wave |
| Amphidromic point | Nodal point around which the kelvin wave rotates |
| Cotidal lines | lines connecting points experiencing high tide at the same time |
| Corange lines | lines connecting points having the same tidal range |
| Harmonic method of tide prediction | The observed tide is produced from a number of components (partial tides) having a given period, amplitude, & phase that can be represented by a sine wave |
| M2 | Principal lunar tidal component (12.42 hrs) |
| S2 | Principal solar tidal component (12.00 hrs) |
| K1 | Luni-solar diurnal tidal component (11.00 hrs) |
Created by:
RCHS
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