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Bio chapter 3
Bio Review test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Carbon back bone | The basis for organic groups. |
| What type of bond does Carbon have? | Covalent Bond. It can form several shapes: chains, rings, and side branches |
| How many bonds does Carbon have? | As many as 4 covalent bonds with other atoms. |
| Nucleotide Components | Sugar, phosphate group, and base |
| Function of fats | Energy rich storage molecules; composed of glycerol and fatty acids and are sometimes called triglycerides. |
| Unsaturated Fats | Have at least one double bond between carbons. Not saturated with atoms; they are liquid when at room temperature. |
| Saturated Fats | Have NO double bonds between carbon atoms in fatty acid chains; saturated with atoms; they are solid at room temperature. |
| protein structure | A sequence of particular amino acids. macromolecules with amino acid subunits; peptide bonds form between amino acids via dehydration sythesis reactions. |
| Significance of R Group in amino acids | R group allows variety to the amino acid.(R=rest of the molecule) |
| Tertiary structure | The final 3-D shape of globular protiens; held in place by strong interactions such as dislfide bridges. |
| Quaternary structure | Proteins composed of 2 or more chains joined together have this. |
| What are Phospholipids? | A special form of lipid found in our body. Negatively charged. |
| Where are phospholipids found in the living systems? | Found in cell membrane. |
| Dehydration synthesis | Synthesizes polymers from monomers by removing water; requires energy (also called- condensation reaction) |
| Hydrolysis reactions | Splits polymers into monomers by adding water. |
| Protein Functions | -Support/structure (keratin and collagen) -metabolism (enzymes) -Transport hemoglobin, transport protiens in plasma membranes -defense antibodies -Regulation of some hormones -Motion: action and myosin |
| ATP | the energy molecules that everyone needs. A nucleotoid with a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and 3 phosphate groups. A monomer of both DNA and RNA. |
| Carbohydrate Functions | A high energy source and structural component. |
| Simple Carbohydrate | Provide quick energy |
| Complex Carbohydrate | Store energy and provide structural support. Used for short term or long term energy storage. |