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Bio Chapter 2

Bio Review Test 1

QuestionAnswer
Define Electronegativity -When one atom atracts electrons from a smaller atom, and against a negative charge. -The pull that one atom has for an electron.
Rusult when at atoms differ... You will get a polar-covalent bond.
Solute Whatever is being mixed with the solvent to create a solution. (sugar, salt, koolaid...)
Solvent Often water. Water liquid the solute is mixed with to make a solution.
Atomic Number The number of protons in an atom.
Protons positive charged particles in the atoms nucleus. they have mass.
Electrons Negatively charged particles orbiting the outside of the atom (in the electron cloud). Hardly any mass at all.
Electron Arrangement Two electrons can fit in the inner belt/ring and eight electrons can fit on each of the two outer belt/rings. Electrons are desperate to have a complete outer belt/ring.
Covalent Bond form when electrons are shared between two atoms.
Polar covalent Bonds Unequal sharing of electrons; example- water
Non polar covalent Bonds Equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.
Ionic Bonds Permenant exchanges of electrons, very strong bond.
Hydrogen Bonds Can form between two polar molecules. a weak attraction between the negative region of one polar molecule to the positive region of another polar molecule.
Which bond dissociates in water? Ionic bond breaks appart in water (example- salt)
Which Bonds are common in living system Covalent bonds are common in living beings since they can withstand a watery environment.
Isotopes Atoms of a single element that differ in their number of neutrons.
Stable When an atom's outer belt/ring is full of electrons.
Reactivity of atoms are? Atoms react with one another to form molecules and to acheive full stability.
Reactivity of atoms depend on? the number of electrons in the atoms outer belt/ring.
PH- and H+ difference as ph changes Each increment on the pH scale represents a 10x difference. A soulution at pH 4 have 10x more acidity than a solution at pH 5. The greater the H+ concentration the lower the pH. The lower the H+ concentration the greater the pH.
Acid Subatances which increasee H+ concentration when added to water.
Base Substances which increase the OH- concentration when added to water.
Define- Ion Atoms that have a charge. Either positive or negative.
What are the unique characteristics of water? Water molecules are polar and form hydrogen bonds with one another. Cohesion and adhesion. Water warms up and cools down slowly. water has a high specific heat. Water dissolves in other polar substances. Frozen water (ice) is less dense that liquid w
Molecular Structure of Water water is two hydrogen molecules connected to an oxygen molecule. the water molecules are polar. they have a slight charge and so they cling to one another a bit.
Acid pH levels 6 to 1 on the pH scale is Acidic. 6 being low acidity and 1 being VERY acidic.
Base pH levels 8 to 10 on the pH scale measures the base. 8 being a weak base and 10 being strong.
Created by: MrsLippig
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