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Chapter 3 Tectonic
science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vibrations that travel through the Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake | seismic waves |
| the force exerted on a surface divided by the total area over which the force is exerted | pressure |
| the layer of rock that forms the Earth's outer surface | crust |
| A dark dense igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust | basalt |
| a usually light-colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust | granite |
| the layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core | mantle |
| a rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the matntle and crust | lithosphere |
| the soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats | asthemosphere |
| a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth | outer core |
| a dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of the Earth | inner core |
| the direct transfer of energy through space by electromagnetic waves | radiation |
| the direct transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another substance that is touching | conduction |
| the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a fluid | convection |
| the amount of mass of a substance in a given volume; mass per unit volume | density |
| the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another | convection current |
| the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across the Earth's surface | continental drift |
| the name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents | pangaea |
| a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock | fossil |
| an undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced | mid ocean ridges |
| a device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves | sonar |
| the process by which molten materials adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor | sea floor spreading |
| a deep valley along the ocean floor beneath which oceanic crust slowly sinks toward the mantle | deep ocean trenches |
| a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust | plates |
| a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations | scientific theory |
| the theory that pieces of Earth's lithospehre are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle | plate tectonics |
| a break or crack in Earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move | divergive |
| a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other | diversion boundary |
| a dep valley that forms where two plates move apart | rift valley |
| a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other | covinent boundary |
| a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions | transform boundaries |
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