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bi101 ch 1
vocab and themes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| evolution | way in which populations of organisms change over the course of many generations to become more suited to their environment |
| nature of science | scientists make observation form hypotheses and conduct experiments in an attempt to understand the principles of life |
| biology | study of life |
| cell | basic unit of striation and function of all living things |
| unicelular | cells live independently |
| multicellular | containing more than one cell |
| atom | smallest unit of an elect composed of electrons protons and neutrons |
| molecule | union of two or more atoms of the same or different element |
| tissue | group of cells with a common structure and function |
| organ | composed of tissues functioning together for a specific task |
| organ system | composed of several organs working together |
| organism | an individual; complex individual contain organ systems |
| population | organisms of same species in a particular area |
| community | interacting populations in a particular area |
| ecosystem | a community plus the physical environment |
| biosphere | regions of earths crust, waters, and atmosphere inhabited by all living things. |
| emergent properties | a function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases |
| energy | capacity to do work |
| metabolism | the sum of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell |
| photosynthesis | a process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy of organic nutrient molecules |
| homeostasis | an organism maintaining a state of biological balance |
| how is homeostasis maintained | systems monitor internal conditions and make routine and necessary adjustments, which do not require conscience activity |
| all living things interact with.. | the environment and other living things |
| reproduce | make another organism like itself |
| what do genes contain | specific information for how organism is to be ordered. |
| DNA stands for | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| adaptation | modifications that make organisms better able to function in a particular environment |
| evolutionary tree | explains how living organisms arose from a single cell ancestor |
| What is some evidence of evolution? | Fossils, resemblances among all living creatures, and changes in domestic plants and animals |
| IN 1859 Charles Darwin published what book? | The origin of species |
| Origin of species is in two parts? what are they? | Concept of evolutionary change and the concept of natural selection |
| taxonomy | discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules |
| systematics | study of evolutionary relationships between organisms |
| Taxa (classifying categories) from least inclusive to most inclusive | species, genus, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, domain |
| domain Bacteria | are prokaryotic cell of various shapes, have adaptions to all environments, absorb photosynthesize or chemosynthesize food, and have unique characteristics |
| domain Archaea | are prokaryotic cells of various shapes, have adaptations to extreme environments, absorb or chemosynthesize food, and have unique chemical characteristics |
| domain Eukarya | unicellular or multicelualr, absorb or injest food. |
| how many domains of organism are there? | 3 |
| what are the four major groups of domain Eukarya? | protists, KIngdom fungi, kingdom plantoei, and kingdom animalia |
| protists | complex single cell- photosynthesize, absorb, or injest food. ex- algae, protozoans, slime molds, water molds. |
| kingdom fungi | multicellular- absorb food. ex- molds, mushrooms, yeasts, ringworm |
| kingdom planatei | multicellular- photosynthesize food, ex- certain algae, moss, fern, conifers, flowers, plants |
| kingdom animalia | multicellular- injest food. ex- sponge, worm, insect, fish, frog, turtles, bird, mammal. |
| bionomial nomenclature | used to assign each living thing to a scientific name |
| natural selection | new traits are introduced to a population by mutations. over many generations selective forces such as competition, predation, and the physical environment alter the make up of a population favoring those more suited to the environment and lifestyle. |
| Natural selection makes this process possible | adaptation |
| biosphere | zone of air land and water the surface of the earth where organisms exist |
| bio diveristy | total relative abundance of species the variability of their genes. and the different ecosystems in whey live. |
| how many species on earth. how many are identifiable? | there are 15 million species of organisms. less than 2 million have been identified. |
| extinction | the death of a species or larger classification category |
| how many species are lost a day due to human activity | 400 |
| phenomenon | observable natural event or fact |
| observation | a formal way of seeing what happens |
| hypothesis | informed statement that can be tested in a manner suited to the process of science |
| inductive reasoning | a person uses creative thinking to combing isolated facts into a cohesive whole. like how Fleming found penicillin. |
| experiment | series of procedures to test a hypothesis |
| deductive reasoning | use of general principles to predict a specific outcome. (IF...Then statements) |
| experimental design | manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment |
| experimental variable (independent) | factor of experiment being tested |
| control group | sample that goes through all steps of experiment but does not contain variable being tested. (standard of an experiment) |
| model | simulation of a process that aids conceptual understanding unit the process can be studied first hanD |
| DATA | results of an experiment |
| standard deviation | statistical analysis thats a measure of how much the data in the experiment varies |
| conclusion | statement made following an experiment as to whether or not the results support the hypothesis |
| scientific theories | concepts that join together well supported and related hypotheses |
| 5 basic theories of biology | cell, homeostasis, gene, ecosystem, evolution |
| principle or law | theory that is generally accepted |
| responding variable (dependent) | results or change that occurs due to the experimental variable |
Created by:
jasmine.teich
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