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Biology MD2
Information from Biology Module 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Kindgom Monera is composed of... | Bacteria |
| Define Pathogen | An organism that causes diseas |
| Describe the Capsule of a bacteria | Sticky sugar that helps the cell stick, provides defense from infection-fighters |
| Purposes of the Cell Wall | Hold the bacteria together and regulate water |
| Shapes of the Cell Wall | Spherical is called coccus. Rod-shaped is called bacillus. Helical is called spirillum. |
| Purposes of the Plasma Membrane | Protect the cell, bring in wanted chemicals |
| Describe Cytoplasm | The interior of a cell which contains the cell's DNA and Ribosomes. |
| Describe Ribosomes | Chemical factories for protein |
| Describe Fimbriae | Fiberous bristles that help with grasping |
| Use of the Flagellum | For locomotion |
| Parts of the Flagellum | Filament, hook, and basal body |
| What is the simplest form of life on earth? | Bacteria |
| Types of organisms in kindgom Monera | Producers, Consumers, and Decomposers |
| Define: Saprohyte | organism that feeds on dead matter |
| Define: Parasite | organism that feeds on a living host |
| Describe Chemosynthesis | energy from chemical reactions (instead of sunlight) |
| Define: Aerobic Organism | Organism that requires oxygen |
| Define: Anaerobic Organism | Organism that requires no oxygen |
| Describe Binary Fission | A method of a sexual reproduction in bacteria. 1. DNA Loop is attached to a point on plasma membrane. 2. DNA is copied. 3. Cell wall elongates. 4. Cell wal, plasma membrane grow, close off. |
| Define: Steady State | state in which members of a population die as quickly as new members are born |
| Barriers to Bacteria Reproduction | Limit/run-out of resouces; bacteria feeding on other bacteria |
| Define: Exponential Growth | Population growth that is unhindered because of abundance of resources for an ever-increasing population |
| Define: Logistical Growth | Population grown controlled by limited resources |
| Types of Genetic Recombination | Conjugation, Transformation, Transduction |
| Define: Conjugation | Temporary union of 2 oranism for DNA transfer |
| Define: Plasmid | small circular section of extra DNA that confers one or more traits to a bacterium and can be reproduced separately from the main bacterial genetic code |
| Define: Transformation | The transfer of a DNA segment from a non-functional donor cell to that of a functional recipient cell |
| Define: Transduction | The process by which infection by a virus results in DNA being transferred from one bacterium to another |
| Define: Endospore | The DNA and other essential parts of a bacterium coated with several hard layers |
| Classes in phylum Gracilicutes are classified: | By how they obtain food |
| Classes in phylum Gracilicutes | class Scotobacteria: non-photosynthetic. class Anoxyphotobacteria: non-oxygen-producing, photosynthetic. class Oxyphotobacteria: oxygen-producing, photosynthetic. |
| Classes in phylum Firmicutes are classified: | By their Gram stain (positive) |
| Classes in phylum Firmicutes | class Firmibacteria: bacilli or cocci. class Thallobacteria: ones not baccili/cocci. |
| Classes in phylum Tenericutes are classified: | By their lack of a cell wall |
| Classes in phylum Tenericutes | class Mollicutes |
| Classes in phylum Mendosicutes are classified: | By their exotic cell wall |
| Classes in phylum Mendosicutes | class Archaebacteria |
| Describe Blue-green Algae | Live in freshwater lakes, stagnant ponds; colonies of gram-negative, prokaryotic cells; "cyanobacteria"; photosynthetic; colonial |
| Describe 'Clostridium Botulinum' | Class Firmibacterium, phylum Firmicutes; causes food poisoning (botulism); heat-resistant |
| Describe Salmonella, Typhimurium, Enteriditis | Phylum Gracilicutes, Class Scotobacteria |
| Describe Eschurichia Coli | Phylum Gracilicutes, Class Schotobacteria; some strains are pathogenic |
| Define: Strains | Organism from the same species that have markedly different traits |
| Conditions for Bacterial Growth | (5) Moisture, Moderate temperature, Nutrition, Darkness, proper amount of oxygen |
| Preventing Bacteria | Can food, dehydrate food, freeze food, pasteurize milk |
Created by:
Safire25509
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