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Vocabulary
Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| accessory pigment | a pigment that absorbs light energy and transfers energy to chlorophyll a in photodynthesis |
| adenosine diphosphate(ADP) | a substance involved in energy metabolism formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate |
| ATP synthase | an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate |
| biochemical pathway | a series of chemical reactions in which the product of one reaction is consumed in the next reaction |
| carotenoid | a light-absorbing compound that functions as an accessory pigment in photosynthesis |
| chemiosmosis | a process in chloroplasts and mitochondria in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP |
| chlorophyll | a class of light-absorbing pigments used in photosynthesis |
| electron transport chain | molecules in the thylakoid membrane or inner mitochondrial membrane that uses some of the energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane |
| granum | a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast |
| light reactions | the initial reactions in photosynthesis, including light absorption by photosystems I and II, the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and O2, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis |
| NADP | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, an organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions |
| photosynthesis | the conversion of light energy into chemical energy in organic compounds |
| photosystem | in plants, a unit of several hundred chlorophyll molecules and carotenoid molecules in the thykaloid membrane |
| photosystem I | plastocyanin: ferredoxin oxidoreductase is the second photosystem in the photosynthetic light reactions of algae, plants, and some bacteria |
| photosystem II | water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase is the first protein complex in the light-dependent reactions |
| pigment | in plants, a compoumd that absorbs light and imparts color |
| primary electron acceptor | a molecule in the thykaloid membrane that accepts the electrons that chlorophyll a loses in the light reactions |
| stroma | in plants, the solution that surrounds the thykaloids in a chloroplast |
| visible spectrum | the portion of sunlight perceived by the human eye as various colors |
| wavelength | the distance between crests in a wave |
| C3 plant | plant species that fix carbon exclusively through the Calvin cycle |
| C4 pathway | alternative pathway that enables certain plants to fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds |
| Calvin cycle | a biochemical pathway of photosynthyesis in which CO2 is converted into carbohydrate |
| CAM | crassulacean acid metabolism; a biochemical pathway in certain plants in which CO2 is incorporated into organic acids at night and released for fixation in the Calvin cycle during day |
| carbon fixation | the incorporation of carbon dioxide into organic compounds |
| PGA | phosphoglycerate; a three-carbon molecule formed in the first step of the Calvin cycle |
| PGAL | glyceraldehyde phosphate; a three-carbon molecule formed in the second step of the Calvin cycle that can leave the cycle and be used to make other organic compounds |
| RuBP | ribulose bisphosphate; a five-carbon carbohydrate that combines with CO2 to form two molecules of PGA in the first step of the Calvin cycle |
| stoma | one of the many small pores usually located on the underside of a leaf; aids in gas exchange |
Created by:
kady.ott
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