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BIOS 3100 Exam 1
Based off ppts and definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nucleotides | A molecule composed of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate. Building block of nucleic acids. |
| homologous chromosomes | Chromosomes that pair with each other at meiosis.Chromosome in different species that have retained most of their same genes during evolution. |
| centromere | A specialized region of DNA on each eukaryotic chromosome where kinetochore proteins bind |
| purines | A type of nitrogen base. Adenine and Guanine. |
| pyrimidines | A type of nitrogen base. Cytosine and Thymine. |
| ribose | The pentose sugar of RNA |
| deoxyribose | The pentose sugar of DNA |
| phosphodiester bond | The type of bond between a phosphate and a sugar that occurs in DNA |
| double helix | The structure of DNA. |
| haploid | A cell having one chromosome set |
| diploid | A cell having two chromosome sets |
| metacentric | The centromere is located in the median position on the chromosome. |
| acrocentric | The centromere is located near one end of the chromosome |
| telocentric | The centromere is located on the end of the chromosome. |
| Watson and Crick | The individuals who discovered the structure of DNA |
| supercoiling | The increased twisting caused by the unwinding of the double helix in prokaryotes |
| polarity | One the DNA strand. 5' is the phosphate and 3' is a hydroxyl. |
| transcription | the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template |
| translation | the ribosome and tRNA mediated production of a polypeptide whose amino acid sequence is derived from the codon sequence in mRNA |
| RNA polymerase | an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA strand from a DNA template |
| DNA template | the strand of DNA that is used to synthesize RNA during transcription |
| termination | the last stage of transcription. results in the release of RNA and RNA polymerase from the DNA template. |
| initiation | The first stage of transcription or translation. In transcription, to position the RNA polymerase before elongation. In translation, to position the first aminoacyl- tRNA in the P site. |
| promoter | A regulator region near the 5' end of a gene that acts as a binding site for RNA polymerase. |
| consensus sequence | The nucleotide sequence of a segment of DNA that is in agreement with most sequence reads of the same segment from different individuals |
| 5' cap | A cap added to the 5' end of an mRNA strand in the nucleus to prevent degradation and is required for translation. |
| polyadenylation | |
| splicing | a reaction that removes introns and joins together exons in RNA |
| spliceosomes | the processing complex that removes introns from RNA |
| intron | the part of mRNA that is spliced |
| exon | the part of mRNA that is joined together on the final strand. |
| 3' end | the end that contains a hydroxyl |
| 5' end | the end that contains a phosphate |
| genetic code | a set of correspondences between nucleotide triplets in RNA and amino acids in proteins. |
| wobble | the ability of bases at the third position of an anticodon in tRNA to form hydrogen bonds in various ways |
| polypeptide | a chain of linked amino acids |
| peptide bond | |
| mRNA | messenger RNA. Transcribed from DNA |
| tRNA | Transfer RNA. Bear specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation. |
| rRNA | Ribosomal RNA. Role in the structure and function of a ribosome. |
| ribosome binding site | |
| aminoacyl tRNA synthetase | an enzyme that attaches an amino acid to a tRNA before its use in translation |
| polypeptiyltransferase | Catalyzes the joining of two amino acids in a ribosome. |
| primary structure | the sequence of amino acids in the chain |
Created by:
cw203810
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