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Pyramids and Symbios
Pyramids of Energy and Symbiosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| shows the relative amounts of energy contained in each trophic level of an ecosystem | pyramid of energy |
| most energy of a pyramid is where? | base, with producers |
| what is the 10% law? | only 10% of available energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next |
| What is the 90% in the 10% law? | most of the energy is used by the organism for its own life processes and eventually lost as heat energy |
| The greatest mass in the pyramid of biomass is with the ______ | producers |
| Which type of pyramid can be inverted? | biomass |
| What are some of the important elements necessary to living systems that are recycled between biological living systems and the geological earth and atmosphere? | water, nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon |
| what is the process of water evaporation from plants? | transpiration |
| what causes water to be go from the ocean to the air? | evaporation |
| what causes water in the air to form clouds? | condensation |
| what is the process of water moving from clouds back to ground? | precipitation |
| What is the process of water moving from the land surface back to the ocean? | runoff |
| How many gallons of water can an average maple tree transpire on a hot summer day in an hour? | 50 |
| this is a basic component of amino acids WHICH are the building blocks of proteins | nitrogen |
| list the nitrogen bases | adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
| what are the building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA)? | nucleotides |
| nitrogen makes up what percent of the atmosphere? | 80 |
| plants can only use which kind of nitrogen? | fixed |
| what are examples of fixed nitrogen? | ammonia or nitrate NO3 |
| plants convert nitrates to __________ | amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
| animals consume plants to obtain _______ | nitrogen |
| what part of the nitrogen cycle is performed by decomposers? | ammonification |
| What part of the nitrogen cycle is performed by bacteria to convert ammonia to nitrites? | nitrification |
| What part of the nitrogen cycle converts nitrates into useable nitrogen for plants? | denitrification |
| ________ have a symbiotic relationship with bacteria in their root nodules. The nodules contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria that can change N2 -> NH3 which these plants can use. | legumes |
| overuse of phosphorus fertilizers can result in | eutrophication |
| This element helps with bones and teeth | phosphorus |
| this element is a limiting nutrient in streams, lakes, and freshwater environments | phosphorus |
| PO4 is the chemical compound of _______ | phosphorus |
| This element is mostly found as salts in ocean sediments or in rocks | phosphorus |
| a very slow cycle | phosphorus |
| The Carbon / Oxygen cycle is performed through the processes of: | photosynthesis, cellular respiration, decomposition, combustion |
| .03% of the atmosphere is ______________ | carbon |
| An increase in the average temperatures on earth are often attributed to the | greenhouse effect |
| This produces a barrier which traps heat much like a greenhouse | excess CO2 |
| What can cause the greenhouse effect? | burning fossil fuels such as coal - releasing extra CO2 into the atmosphere |
| general term relating to a close association between two different organisms | symbiosis |
| a greek term that means 'living together' | sumbios |
| symbiotic relationship that exists when both organisms benefit | mutualism |
| an example of mutualism | lichens-fungi provide attachment and a moist substrate while the algae provide food through photosynthesis |
| cleaning symbiosis is an example of ________ | mutualism |
| one organism benefitting by cleaning parasites or debris while the other partner receives food and a safe place to live | cleaning symbiosis |
| symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected | commensalism |
| orchids growing on trees are able to reach sunlight but do not hurt the trees are an example of _________ | commensalism |
| symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of another organism | parasitism |
| tapeworms in the digestive tract of mammals are an example of ________ | parasitism |
| the ___________ usually weakens but does not kill its host | parasite |
| fleas are an example of _________________ | parasite |
Created by:
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