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Chapter 2 BioloVocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| electron | negatively charged particle located in space around nucleus |
| element | pure substance consists of one type of atom |
| ionic bond | chemical bond formed when one or more electron are transferred from one atom to another |
| ion | atom with positive or negative charge |
| covalent bond | type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared |
| van der Waals forces | slight attraction that develops between opposite charged regions in nearby atoms |
| hydrogen bond | weak attraction between hydrogen and another atom |
| cohesion | attraction between molecules of the same substance |
| adhesion | attraction between molecules of different substances |
| mixture | material composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically not chemically combined |
| solution | type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed |
| solute | substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | dissolving substance in a solution |
| suspension | mixture of water and non dissolved material |
| pH scale | scale of 0 to 14 used to measure concentration of H+ ions in a solution |
| acid | a compound that forms hydrogen ions (H+) with pH less than 7 |
| base | a compound that forms hydroxide(OH-) in a solution with pH more than 7 |
| buffer | a compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH |
| monomer | small chemical unit makes up polymer |
| polymer | molecules composed of many monomers, make up macromolecules |
| monosaccharide | a simple sugar molecule |
| lipid | macromolecule made mostly of carbon and hydrogen, includes fats, oils, and waxes |
| nucleic acid | macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus |
| nucleotide | subunit of which nucleic acids are composed, made of 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group and nitrogen base |
| protein | macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen oxygen, and nitrogen, needed for growth and repair |
| amino acid | compound with an amino group on one end and carboxyl group on the other |
| chemical reaction | process that changes or transforms one set of chemicals into another |
| reactant | elements or compounds that enter a chemical reaction |
| product | elements or compounds produced by chemical reaction |
| activation energy | energy needed to start a reaction |
| catalyst | substance that speeds the rate of chemical reaction |
| enzyme | protein that speeds rate of specific biological reactions |
| substrate | reactant of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction |
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