Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
BiologyWHS
Unit 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| polymer | a large molecule that is formed from smaller molecules (monomers) bonding together in long chains |
| monomer | a smalll molecule |
| sexual reproduction | male and female give DNA to offspring |
| asexual reproduction | one organism splits to create a genetically identical offspring |
| nucleic acids | stores the cell's information in the form of a code |
| dehydration synthesis | means to make a bond by losing water |
| hydrolysis | split a polymer or break a bond by adding water |
| carbohydrates | monomer is monosaccharides and the polymer is polysaccharides |
| polar | a molecule with a partial positive side an a partial negative side |
| osmosis | diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane fron an higher water concentration , with the concentration gradient. |
| cell membrane | controls what materials enter & leave the cell |
| ribosomes | makes proteins |
| cytoplasm | jelly like fluid in which organelles are found and is the site of many chemical ractions |
| nucleus | controls cells activities, contains DNA, and where RNA is made |
| mitochondria | turn food into energy, the site of cellular respiration |
| chloroplast | contains chlorophyll and uses the sun's energy to make food, the site of photosynthesis |
| golgi body | packages and sends proteins out of the cell |
| lysosomes | contains digestive enzymes, are sometimes called suicide sacs |
| vacuole | storage sacs,food,water,chemicals or waste |
| cell wall | gives support to plant cells |
| cilia and flagella | microtubular protein strands used for movement |
| vesicle | membrane bound sacs that transport materials between organelles |
| centriole | organize spindle fibers in animal cells during cell division |
| cytoskeleton | a network of constantly changing proteins that supports and shapes the cell |
| animal cells | eukaryotic, have only a cell membrane, have only mitochondria |
| plant cells | eukaryotic, cell membrane and cell wall, mitochondria and chloroplasts, |
| sex cell | ovum |
| gamete | A mature haploid male or female germ cell that is able to unite with another of the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form a zygote |
| haploid | Having the same number of sets of chromosomes as a germ cell or half as many as a somatic cell |
| autosome | the 22 types of chromosomes in humans that contain genes that do not determine gender |
| sex chromosomes | chromosomes that directly control the gender of the offspring |
| meiosis | prduces sex cells or gametes |
| mitosis | is the division of nuclear material |
| chlorophyll | pigment in chloroplasts that traps energy from sunlight |
| diffusion | A process where substances are transported from one area to another without using energy. |
| faciliated diffusion | occurs in cells when large and charged molecules, like sugar or sodium ions, diffuse from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration through a protein channel embedded in the cell membrane |
| active transport | when energy is required to move particles across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient |
| endosymbiosis | Symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other. |
| chromosome | an organized structure of DNA and Protein found in cells |
| genes | a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism |
| allele | one of a number of alternative forms of the same genes or same genetic locus |
| chromosome | threadlike structures that contain the cells genetic information |
| genes | sequence of dna that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait |
| allele | version or type of a gene |
| system of classification | kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species |
| species | basic unit of classification |
| inheritance | passing of traits from one generation to the next |
| genetics | study of inheritance |
| Gregor Mendel | used pea plants to study inheritance patterns |
| genotype | the genes an organism has |
| phenotype | appearance of an organism that results from the genotype |
| homozygous | having two of the same alleles |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles |
| genotype ratio | 1LL:2Ll:1ll |
| phenotype ratio | 3 tall: 1 short |
| incomplete dominance | the heterozygous phenotype is a blend of the parental phenotypes. |
| multiple alleles | many genes have more than two alleles |
| polygenic inheritance | traits can be controlled by multiple genes |
| sex linkage | genes on the X chromosomes are more likely to show the recessive phenotype in males since they will just have one X chromosome |
| dihybrid cross | when parents heterozygous for two traits are crossed |
| transcription | the dna code is transcribed into messenger rna codons |
| rna nucleotides | c,g,a,u |
| codons | in groups of three sequential bases that specify different amino acids |
| tropical rainforest | warm temperature and abundant rainfall |
| grassland | warm summers with a dry season and a rainy season |
| desert | almost no rainfall |
| temperate forest | hot in summer and cold in winter |
| taiga | long cold winters and coniferous trees |
| tundra | very cold most of the year. very little precipitation |
| density dependant factor | limiting factor that depends on population size |
| density independent factor | limiting factor that does not depend on population size |
| predator/prey relationship | a relationship in which one organism feeds on another organism |
| intraspecific competition | competition between organisms of same species |
| interspecific competition | competition between organisms of different species |
| symbiosis | close and permanent relationship between organisms of different species |
| parasitism | relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is harmed |
| commensalism | a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped |
| mutualism | a relationship in which both organisms benefit |
| terrestrial succesion | cleared that so nothing remains but the soil |
| pioneer species | the fast growing,shallow rooted, sun loving plants will grow first |
| climax community | occurs when succession slows down and stable community is established |
| primary succession | when succession occurs in an area completely lacking vegetation soil; begins on bare rock. |
| secondary succession | when succession occurs in an area after an ecological disturbance, like a forest fire; begins on existing soil |
| aquatic pond succession | when a new pond is formed there are no organisms living in it |
| competition | contest between two organisms |
| predation | The capturing of prey as a means of maintaining life. |
| succession | The act or process of following in order or sequence. |
| photosynthesis | the process in green plants and certain other organisms by which carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water using light as an energy source. Most forms of photosynthesis release oxygen as a byproduct. |
| mitochondria | A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy |
| chloroplast | A chlorophyll-containing plastid found in algal and green plant cells |
| cellular respiration | The series of metabolic processes by which living cells produce energy through the oxidation of organic substances. |
Created by:
nadiaWHS
Popular Biology sets