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Biology Terms
most units
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Eyepiece | Magnifies the image 10 times |
| Stage | Supports the object being viewed |
| Low power objective | Magnifies the object 10 times (total 100) |
| Scanning power objective | Magnifies the object 4 times (total 40) |
| High power objective | Magnifies the object 40 times (total 400) |
| Coarse adjustment knob | Adjusts the focus for the Scanning and Low power objective knobs |
| Fine adjustment knob | Adjusts the focus specifically for the high power objective lens |
| Diaphragm | adjusts the amount of light passing through the lens. |
| cell membrane | semipermeable membrane holding cytoplasm of cell |
| ribosomes | manufacture protein |
| cytoplasm | substance between membrane and nucleus, containing the organelles |
| nucleus | controls and maintains the cell |
| mitochondria | organelle for energy production |
| chloroplast | performs photosynthesis to make energy rich food |
| golgi body | packages molecules and prepares them for export |
| lysosome | digest particles and disintegrate cells after death |
| vacuole | contains water, food, or waste for a cell |
| cell wall | outer structure of plant cells |
| cilia | small hairlike organelles that help move things |
| flagella | identical to cilia, but moves things such as sperm cells, protozoa, ... |
| vesicle | small cyst |
| centriole | makes spindle fibers |
| cytoskeleton | arrangement of structural components |
| animal cell | eukaryotic cell membrane mitochondria perform cell respiration have multiple small vacuoles |
| plant cell | eukaryotic cell membrane+cell wall mitochondria+chloroplasts cell respiration+photosynthesis Have one large vacuole |
| sex cell | haploid gamete, determines gender |
| gamete | sex cell |
| haploid | contains 1 pair of chromosomes |
| autosome | non gender determining cell |
| sex chromosomes | genome which determines sex |
| meiosis | duplicates cell into 4 non identical haploids |
| mitosis | duplicates cell into 2 diploids |
| chlorophyl | green pigment |
| diffusion | moving with concentration gradient, uses no transport proteins |
| facilitated diffusion | moves with concentration gradient, uses transport proteins |
| osmosis | moves with concentration gradient, uses aquaporin |
| active transport | uses energy, moves against concentration gradient, uses protein pump |
| endosymbiosis | theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from auto and heterotrophic bacteria |
| phospholipid | regulates particle import and export from cell |
| hydrophilic | goes with water |
| hydrophobic | avoids water |
| active transport | uses energy, moves against concentration gradient, uses protein pump |
| passive transport | moves with concentration gradient, uses no energy. |
| fluid mosaic model | created by S.J. Singer and Garth Nicolson in 1972 to describe features of biological membranes |
| isotonic | having equal tension |
| hypertonic | having greater tension |
| hypotonic | having lower tension |
| endocytosis | cell takes in materials |
| exocytosis | cell exports materials |
| cell theory | Generalization that all living things are composed of cells, and that cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things |
| organelle | Part of a cell with a specific function. |
| plasma membrane | Thin outer boundary of cell that regulates the traffic of chemicals between the cell and its surroundings. |
| nucleus | In an atom, the central core that contain protons and neutrons; in a cell, the part that houses the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA. |
| cytoplasm | Region of cell between the nucleus and the plasma membrane. |
| cytosol | The aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended. |
| cell wall | Strong wall outside a plant cell's plasma membrane that protects the cell and maintains its shape. |
| prokaryotic Cell | Cell lacking a nucleus and most other organelles. |
| eukaryotic Cell | Cell with a nucleus (surrounded by its own membrane) and other internal organelles. |
| phospholipid bilayer | Two-layer "sandwich" of molecules that surround a cell. |
| diffusion | Net movement of the particles of a substance from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. |
| selectively permeable membrane | Membrane that allows some substances to pass more easily than others and blocks the passage of some substances altogether. |
| passive transport | Diffusion across a membrane requiring only the random motion of molecules with no energy expended by the cell. |
| active transport | Movement of molecules across a membrane requiring energy to be expended by the cell. |
| facilitated diffusion | Pathway provided by transport proteins that helps certain molecules pass through a membrane. |
| osmosis | Passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| hypertonic | Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution. |
| isotonic | Having a solute concentration equal to that of another solution. |
| exocytosis | Process of exporting proteins from a cell by a vesicle fusing with a plasma membrane. |
| endocytosis | Process of taking material into a cell within vesicles that bud inward from the plasma membrane. |
| nucleolus | Ball-like mass of fibers and granules in a cell nucleus. |
| ribosome | Cluster of proteins and nucleic acids that constructs proteins in a cell. |
| endoplasmic reticulum | Network of membranes within a cell's cytoplasm that produce variety of molecules. |
| Golgi apparatus | Cellular organelle that modifies, stores, and routes cell products. |
| vacuole | Membrane-bound sac that buds from the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. |
| lysosome | Membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides. |
| chloroplast | Organelle found in some plants cells and certain unicellular organisms where photosynthesis takes place. |
| mitochondria | Cellular organelles where cellular respiration occurs. |
| microtubule | Straight, hollow tube of proteins that gives rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell. |
| micofilament | Solid rod of protein, thinner than a microtubules, that enables a cell to move or change shape. |
| asexual reproduction | Process in which a single cell or set of cells produces offspring that inherit all their genetic material from one parent. |
| sexual reproduction | Process in which genetic material from two parents combines and produces offspring that differ genetically from either parent. |
| chromatin | Combination of DNA and protein molecules, in the form of long, thin fibers, making up the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. |
| chromosome | Condensed threads of genetic material formed from chromatin as a cell prepares to divide. |
| sister chromatid | One of pair of identical chromosomes created before a cell divides. |
| centromere | Region where two sister chromatids are joined tightly together. |
| cell cycle | Sequence of events from the production of a eukaryotic cell to the time the cell itself reproduces. |
| interphase | Stage of the cell cycle during which a cell carries out its metabolic processes and performs its functions in the body. |
| mitosis | Process by which the nucleus and duplicated chromosomes of a cell divide and are evenly distributed, forming two daughter nuclei. |
| cytokinesis | Process by which the cytoplasm of a cell is divided in two; usually follows mitosis and meiosis. |
| linnaeus classification system | kingdom, phylum, class,order, family, genus, species. |
Created by:
AdrianWHS
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