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Ch 17 RAD 170
The Pathology Problem
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ________ is the medical science that is concerned with all aspects of disease. | Pathology |
| A patient with pneumonia (air-filled lungs filled with fluid) - will cause an ______ in attenuation of radiation. | increase (the fluid will absorb more radiation than air) |
| A patient with emphysema (normal lung tissue is destroyed and the air sacs become enlarged) - will cause an _______ in attenuation of radiation. | decrease (increased amount of air in the lungs) |
| If a disease causes the affected body tissue to ______ in thickness, effective atomic number or density, there will be a greater attenuation of the x-ray beam. | increase |
| Diseases that are harder to penetrate are called ______ conditions. | additive |
| There is an ______ relationship between additive conditions and IR exposure (when additive conditions are present, IR exposure will decrease as the extent of the disease increases. | inverse |
| If a disease causes the affected body tissue to ______ in thickness, effective atomic number or density, there will be less attenuation of radiation. | decrease |
| Diseases that are easier to penetrate are called ________ conditions. | destructive |
| There is a ______ relationship between destructive conditions and IR exposure - when destructive conditions are present, the IR exposure will increase and the extent of the disease increases. | direct |
| To produce a visible difference requires a minimal change of ___ - ____ percent in the overall exposure of the IR for film/screen radiography. | 25 - 50 |
| Name diseases that may be visible in a radiograph but do not require changes in technique: | ulcers, diverticula, simple fractures |
| Name disease that do not require radiography and are diagnosed through lab testing: | diabetes mellitus, anemia, meningitis |
| A ____ percent in kVp will approximately double the exposure to the IR. | 15 |
| ____ systems will compensate for most pathological changes by adjusting the exposure automatically. | AEC |
| An _____ is an encapsulated infection | abscess |
| _____ is swelling and causes an increase of the tissue. | Edema |
| A ____ is an abnormal new growth and increase in tissue. | tumor |
| _______ is a collapse of the lung and results in airlessness of all or pare of the lung. | Atelectasis |
| ______ is the chronic dilation of the bronchi that results in peribronchial thickening. | Bronchiectasis |
| _______ is an enlargement of the heart. | Cardiomegaly |
| _________ is a condition when the heart is in failure and cardiac output is diminished; lung tissue increases and heart is enlarged. | Congestive heart failure |
| _______ is pus in the thoracic cavity and causes an increase in tissue density. | Empyema |
| __________ is a condition when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serious fluid. | Pleural Effusion (hemothorax, hydrothorax) |
| _______ is the inhalation of dust particles that can cause fibrotic (scarring) changes, which will cause an increase in tissue density. | Pneumoconiosis |
| _______ is inflammation of lung tissues that causes fluid to fill in the alveolar spaces. | pneumonia |
| _______ is an infection by mycobacteria that causes the inflammatory response. | Tuberculosis |
| ________ is a large dilation of the aorta and results in an increased thickness. | Aortic Aneurysm |
| ______ is fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity that causes an increase in tissue thickness. | Ascites |
| ______ are most commonly present in the gallbladder or kidney and are calcified, which causes an increase in atomic number of tissue. | Calcified stones |
| ______ is fibrotic change in the liver and causes the liver to enlarge and ascites can result. | Cirrhosis |
| ______ is an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones. | Acromegaly |
| ___________ is a chronic bone infection that results in new bone growth at the infected site. | chronic osteomyelitis |
| _____ is a dilation of the fluid filled cerebral ventricles. | Hydrocephalus |
| ______ is the spread of cancer to bone and results in uncontrolled new bone growth. | Osteoblastic metastases |
| ________is an increase in bone cell activity which leads to new growth. | Pagets disease |
| ______ is an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone. | Sclerosis |
| ______ is wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation. | Atrophy |
| _______ is a generalized wasting away of body tissue. | Emaciation |
| _____ is the overdistention of the lung tissues by air. | Emphysema |
| _______ is free air in the pleural cavity and displaces normal lung tissue. | Pneumothorax |
| ________ is death of bone tissue. | Carcinoma |
| _______ is inflammation of the joints that results in destruction of adjoining bone tissues. | Degenerative arthritis |
| _______ is a malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone that causes an osteolytic lesion. | Fibrosarcoma |
| ______ is a result of bone destruction that result in punched out lesions. | Gout |
| ______ is a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblast to lay down bone matrix. | Osteoporosis |
| ______ is the removal of a lung. | Pneumonectomy |
| _____ _____ is when fluid fills the interstial lung tissues and the alveoli. | Pulmonary Edema |
| ___________ is a tumor arising in the bone and cartilage. | Osteochondroma |
| _______ _______ is a psychological eating disorder which results in an extreme wight loss. | Anorexia Nervosa |
| ______ is a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air. | Aerophagia |
| ______ _______ is an obstructin in the bowel results in the abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. | Bowel obstruction |
| ____ _____ is death of bone. | Aseptic Necrosis |
| _______ is oversecretion of the parathryroid hormone; causes calcium to leave bone and enter the blood. | Hyperparathryoidism |
| ____ ____ is a malignant tumor that arises from plasma cells of bone marrow. | Multiple Myeloma |
| ____ _____ is when some malignancies spread to bone they produce destruction of the bone. | Osteolytic Metastases |
| ______ is a defect in bone mineralization. | Osteomalacia |
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