The Pathology Problem
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| ________ is the medical science that is concerned with all aspects of disease. | Pathology
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| A patient with pneumonia (air-filled lungs filled with fluid) - will cause an ______ in attenuation of radiation. | increase (the fluid will absorb more radiation than air)
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| A patient with emphysema (normal lung tissue is destroyed and the air sacs become enlarged) - will cause an _______ in attenuation of radiation. | decrease (increased amount of air in the lungs)
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| If a disease causes the affected body tissue to ______ in thickness, effective atomic number or density, there will be a greater attenuation of the x-ray beam. | increase
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| Diseases that are harder to penetrate are called ______ conditions. | additive
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| There is an ______ relationship between additive conditions and IR exposure (when additive conditions are present, IR exposure will decrease as the extent of the disease increases. | inverse
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| If a disease causes the affected body tissue to ______ in thickness, effective atomic number or density, there will be less attenuation of radiation. | decrease
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| Diseases that are easier to penetrate are called ________ conditions. | destructive
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| There is a ______ relationship between destructive conditions and IR exposure - when destructive conditions are present, the IR exposure will increase and the extent of the disease increases. | direct
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| To produce a visible difference requires a minimal change of ___ - ____ percent in the overall exposure of the IR for film/screen radiography. | 25 - 50
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| Name diseases that may be visible in a radiograph but do not require changes in technique: | ulcers, diverticula, simple fractures
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| Name disease that do not require radiography and are diagnosed through lab testing: | diabetes mellitus, anemia, meningitis
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| A ____ percent in kVp will approximately double the exposure to the IR. | 15
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| ____ systems will compensate for most pathological changes by adjusting the exposure automatically. | AEC
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| An _____ is an encapsulated infection | abscess
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| _____ is swelling and causes an increase of the tissue. | Edema
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| A ____ is an abnormal new growth and increase in tissue. | tumor
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| _______ is a collapse of the lung and results in airlessness of all or pare of the lung. | Atelectasis
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| ______ is the chronic dilation of the bronchi that results in peribronchial thickening. | Bronchiectasis
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| _______ is an enlargement of the heart. | Cardiomegaly
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| _________ is a condition when the heart is in failure and cardiac output is diminished; lung tissue increases and heart is enlarged. | Congestive heart failure
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| _______ is pus in the thoracic cavity and causes an increase in tissue density. | Empyema
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| __________ is a condition when the pleural cavity fills with either blood or serious fluid. | Pleural Effusion (hemothorax, hydrothorax)
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| _______ is the inhalation of dust particles that can cause fibrotic (scarring) changes, which will cause an increase in tissue density. | Pneumoconiosis
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| _______ is inflammation of lung tissues that causes fluid to fill in the alveolar spaces. | pneumonia
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| _______ is an infection by mycobacteria that causes the inflammatory response. | Tuberculosis
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| ________ is a large dilation of the aorta and results in an increased thickness. | Aortic Aneurysm
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| ______ is fluid accumulation within the peritoneal cavity that causes an increase in tissue thickness. | Ascites
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| ______ are most commonly present in the gallbladder or kidney and are calcified, which causes an increase in atomic number of tissue. | Calcified stones
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| ______ is fibrotic change in the liver and causes the liver to enlarge and ascites can result. | Cirrhosis
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| ______ is an overgrowth of the hands, feet, face and jaw as a result of hypersecretion of growth hormones. | Acromegaly
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| ___________ is a chronic bone infection that results in new bone growth at the infected site. | chronic osteomyelitis
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| _____ is a dilation of the fluid filled cerebral ventricles. | Hydrocephalus
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| ______ is the spread of cancer to bone and results in uncontrolled new bone growth. | Osteoblastic metastases
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| ________is an increase in bone cell activity which leads to new growth. | Pagets disease
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| ______ is an increase in hardening as a result of a chronic inflammation in bone. | Sclerosis
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| ______ is wasting away of body tissue with diminished cell proliferation. | Atrophy
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| _______ is a generalized wasting away of body tissue. | Emaciation
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| _____ is the overdistention of the lung tissues by air. | Emphysema
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| _______ is free air in the pleural cavity and displaces normal lung tissue. | Pneumothorax
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| ________ is death of bone tissue. | Carcinoma
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| _______ is inflammation of the joints that results in destruction of adjoining bone tissues. | Degenerative arthritis
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| _______ is a malignant tumor of the metaphysis of bone that causes an osteolytic lesion. | Fibrosarcoma
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| ______ is a result of bone destruction that result in punched out lesions. | Gout
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| ______ is a defect in bone production due to the failure of osteoblast to lay down bone matrix. | Osteoporosis
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| ______ is the removal of a lung. | Pneumonectomy
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| _____ _____ is when fluid fills the interstial lung tissues and the alveoli. | Pulmonary Edema
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| ___________ is a tumor arising in the bone and cartilage. | Osteochondroma
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| _______ _______ is a psychological eating disorder which results in an extreme wight loss. | Anorexia Nervosa
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| ______ is a psychological disorder resulting in abnormal swallowing of air. | Aerophagia
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| ______ _______ is an obstructin in the bowel results in the abnormal accumulation of air and fluid. | Bowel obstruction
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| ____ _____ is death of bone. | Aseptic Necrosis
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| _______ is oversecretion of the parathryroid hormone; causes calcium to leave bone and enter the blood. | Hyperparathryoidism
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| ____ ____ is a malignant tumor that arises from plasma cells of bone marrow. | Multiple Myeloma
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| ____ _____ is when some malignancies spread to bone they produce destruction of the bone. | Osteolytic Metastases
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| ______ is a defect in bone mineralization. | Osteomalacia
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