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Definitions ch. 01
A view of Life
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Species's modification in structure, function, or behavior that makes a species more suitable to its environment. | adaptation |
| Multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryote that undergoes development to achieve its final form. In general, animals are mobile organisms, characterized by the presence of muscular and nervous tissue. | animal |
| Scientific name of an organism, the first part of which designates the genus and the second part of which designates the specific epithet. | binomial nomenclature |
| Total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the communities in which they live. | biodiversity |
| The branch of science that is concerned with the study of life and living organisms. | biology |
| Zone of air, land, and water at the surface of the Earth in which living organisms are found. | biosphere |
| The smallest unit of life that displays all the properties of life; composed of cytoplasm surrounded by a plasma membrane. | cell |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above the order level. | class |
| Assemblage of of species interacting with one another within the same environment. | community |
| Statement made following an experiment as to whether or not the results support the hypothesis. | conclusion |
| Sample that goes through all the steps of an experiment but does not contain the variable being tested; a standard against which the results of an experiment are checked. | control |
| Facts or information collected through observation and/or experimentation. | data |
| The use of general principles to predict specific outcomes. Often uses "if...then" statements. | deductive reasoning |
| Largest of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the three domains are Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya. | domain |
| One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that often live in extreme habitats and have unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics; its members are sometimes referred to as archaea. | domain Archaea |
| One of the three domains of life; contains prokaryotic cells that differ from archaea because they have their own unique genetic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics. | domain Bacteria |
| One of the three domains of life, consisting of organisms with eukaryotic cells; includes protists, fungi, plants, and animals. | domain Eukarya |
| Biological community together with the associated abiotic environment; characterized by a flow of energy and a cycling of inorganic nutrients. | ecosystem |
| A function or trait that appears as biological complexity increases. | emergent property |
| Capacity to do work and bring about change; occurs in a variety of forms. | energy |
| Type of cell that has a membrane-bounded nucleus and membranous organelles; found in organisms within the domain Eukarya. | eukaryote |
| Genetic change in a species over time resulting in the development of genetic and phenotypic differences that are the basis of natural selection; descent of organisms from a common ancestor. | evolution |
| A test of a hypothesis that examines the influence of a single variable. Often involves both control and tests groups. | experiment |
| Methodology by which an experiment will seek to support the hypothesis. | experimental design |
| Factor of the experiment being tested. | experimental variable |
| Total disappearance of a species or higher group. | extinction |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon located above the genus level. | family |
| Eukaryotic saprotrophic decomposer; the body is made of filaments called hyphae that form a mass called a mycelium. | fungi |
| Unit of heredity existing as alleles on the chromosomes; in diploid organisms, typically two alleles are inherited-one from each parent. | gene |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; contains those species that are most closely related through evolution. | genus |
| Maintenance of normal internal conditions in a cell or an organism by means of self-regulating mechanisms. | homeostasis |
| Supposition established by reasoning after consideration of available evidence; it can be tested by obtaining more data, often by experimentation. | hypothesis |
| Using specific observations and the process of logic and reasoning to arrive at general scientific principles. | inductive reasoning |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon above phylum. | kingdom |
| Universal principle that describes the basic functions of the natural world. | law |
| The sum of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell. | metabolism |
| Simulation of a process that aids conceptual understanding until the process can be studied firsthand; a hypothesis that describes how a particular process could possibly be carried out. | model |
| Organism composed of many cells; usually has organized tissues, organs, and organ systems. | multicellular |
| Mechanism of evolutionary change caused by environmental selection of organisms most fit to reproduce; results in adaptation to the environment. | natural selection |
| Initial step in the scientific method that often involves the recording of data from an experiment or natural event. | observation |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species, the taxon located above the family level. | order |
| Observable natural event or fact. | phenomenon |
| Process, usually occurring within chloroplasts, that uses solar energy to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate. | photosynthesis |
| One of the categories, or taxa, used by taxonomists to group species; the taxon located above the class level. | phylum |
| Multicellular, photosynthetic, eukaryotes that increasingly became adapted to live on land. | plant |
| Group of organisms of the same species occupying a certain area and sharing a common gene pool. | population |
| Step of the scientific process that follow the formulation of a hypothesis and assists in creating the experimental design. | prediction |
| Theory that is generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists; also called a law. | principle |
| Organism that lacks the membrane-bounded nucleus and the membranous organelles typical of eukaryotes. | prokaryote |
| The group of eukaryotic organisms that are not a plant, fungus, or animal. Protists are generally a microscopic complex single cell; they evolved before other types of eukaryotes in the history of Earth. | protist |
| To produce a new individual of the same kind. | reproduce |
| Result or change that occurs when an experimental variable is utilized in an experiment. | responding variable |
| Process by which scientists formulate a hypothesis, gather data by observation and experimentation, and come to a conclusion. | scientific method |
| Concept, or a collection of concepts, widely supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data. | scientific theory |
| Group of similarly constructed organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring; organisms that share a common gene pool; the taxon at the lowest level of classification. | species |
| A statistical analysis of data from an observation or experiment; measures how much the data varies. | standard deviation |
| Study of the diversity of life for the purpose of understanding the evolutionary relationships between species. | systematics |
| Branch of biology concerned with identifying, describing, and naming organisms. | taxonomy |
| An organism comprised of a single cell, as in the bacteria. | unicellular |
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