Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
chapter 3
A & P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Basic structure of the cell | 1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm - contains organelles 3. nucleus |
| Functions of the cell | 1. Cell metabolism and energy use 2. synthesis of molecules 3. Communication 4. Reproduction and Inheritance |
| Cell Communication | Produce and receive electrical and chemical signals |
| Cell Reproduction and Inheritance | Each cell contains DNA. Some cells become gametes. DNA exchange during sexual intercourse |
| Plasma Membrane | Separates intracellular and extracellular |
| Membrane Potential | a charge across the membrane from intracellular and extracellular ion concentrations. Inside the membrane it is negatively charged |
| Glycocalyx | 1. glycolipids= carbohydrates + lipids 2. glycoproteins= carbohydrates + proteins |
| Membrane Lipids | Phospolipids and cholesterol |
| Phospholipids | What makes up the bilayer of the cell -polar heads facing water- interior and exterior of the cell -non polar tails facing each other, interior of membrane |
| hydrophilic | loves water |
| hydrophobic | hates water |
| Cholesterol | more cholesterol equals less fluid membrane |
| Membrane | -has a fluid nature -Phospolipids automatically repair if membrane is damaged -membranes can fuse with each other - |
| Membrane proteins | 1. Integral or intrinsic 2. Peripheral or extrinsic Functioning depends on 3-D shape and chemical characteristics |
| Integral or intrinsic | -extend deeply into membrane, usually from side to other side -Can form channels |
| peripheral or extrinsic | -Attached to integral proteins at either the inner or outer surfaces of the lipid bilayer |
| Marker Molecules | -Glycoproteins and Glycolipids -Cells identify each other or other molecules -Immunity -recognition of oocyte by sperm cell -Intercellular communication |
| Attachment Proteins | -Cadherins-cells to cells -Intergrins-integral proteins that attach to extracellular molecules -SOmetimes allows communication due to contact with intracelluar molecules |
| Transport Proteins | 1. Channel Proteins 2. Carrier Proteins 3. ATP- Powered transport |
| Channel Proteins | -Non-gated ion channels,always open -Plasma membrane permeable to a few ions when the plasma membrane is at rest |
| Gated ion channels | -open/close by stimuli |
| Ligand gated ion channels | opens -a small molecule binds to proteins or glycoproteins |
| voltage gated ion channels | a change in charge across plasma membrane |
| Carrier protiens ( also called transporters) | 1. Integral proteins |
| Integral Proteins | move ions from one side of membrane to other -specific binding sites - proteins change shape then resume original shape |
| Forms of Carrier Proteins | 1. Uniporters 2. Symporters 3. Antiporters |
| Uniporters | moves one particle |
| Symporters | move two particles in same direction at same time |
| Antiporters | move two particles opposite directions at same time |
| ATP-Powered Transport | -requires ATP -Rate of transport depends on concentration of substrate and ATP |
| Ezymes in Plasma Membrane | -some act to catalyze reactions at outer/inner surface of plasma membrane -enzymes digest dipeptides -disaccharides digest sucrose |
| Receptor Proteins | -have receptor cites and can attach to specific chemical signals -can act as intercellular communication system -chemical signals(ligands) attach only to cells a specific receptor |
| Receptors | -linked to channel proteins -Attachment of receptor-specific chemical(acetylcholine) to receptors -Channel opens( and later closes) -Changes in permeability of cells |
| Receptors | Linked to G protein Complex -Alter activity on inner surface of plasma membrane -Leadsto intracellular chemical signals, affects cell and some hormones |
| Movements through plasma membrane | 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Filtration 4. Mediated Transport -Facilitated diffusion -Active Transport -Secondary Active transport |
| Diffusion | Movements of solutes in solution from a higher concentration to lower concentration |
| Concentration or density gradient | different between two points |
| Viscosity | how easily a liquid flows |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane - water moves from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration |
| Osmotic Pressure | force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis |
| isosmotic | solutions with same concentrations of of solute particles |
| hyperosmotic | solution with a greater concentration of solute |
| hyposmotic | Solution with a lesser concentration of solute |
Created by:
frm1210
Popular Biology sets