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Ch. 19 Vocab

QuestionAnswer
Prokaryote Unicellular organism lacking a nucleus
Coccus Spherical prokaryote
Bacillus Rod shaped prokaryote
Spirillum Spiral or corkscrew shaped prokaryote
Chemoheterotroph Organism that must take in organic molecules for both energy and carbon
Photoheterotroph Organism that is photosynthetic but needs organic compounds as a carbon source
Chemoautotroph Organism that makes organic carbon molecules from carbon dioxide using energy from chemical reactions
Photoautotroph Organism that uses energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbon compounds
Obligate aerobe Organism that requires a constant supply of oxygen
Obligate anaerobe Organism that cannot live in the presence of oxygen
Facultative anaerobe Organism that can survive with or without oxygen
Binary fission type of asexual reproduction in which an organism replicates its DNA and divides in half, producing two identical daughter cells
Conjugation Form of sexual reproduction in which pharmecia and some prokaryotes exchange genetic information
Nitrogen fixation Process of converting nitrogen gas into ammonia.
Endospore type of spore formed when a bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
Virus particle made up of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can replicate only by infecting living cells
Capsid Outer protein coat of a virus
Bacteriophage Virus that infects bacteria
Lytic infection Process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst
Lysogenic infection Process by which a virus embeds its DNA into the DNA of the host cell and is replicated along with the host cells DNA
Prophage the viral DNA that is embedded in the host cells DNA
Retrovirus Virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
Pathogen Disease causing agent
Vaccine A prepareation of weakened or killed pathogens
Antibiotic Compound that blocks the growth and reproduction of bacteria
Viroid Single stranded RNA molecule that has no surrounding capsules
Prion Infectious particle made up of protein rather than RNA or DNA
Created by: olane28
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