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Topic 1.1 -Transport

Transport around the Body - AS Biology

QuestionAnswer
Diffusion Movement of particles down a concentration gradient from relatively High to relatively Low Concentration.
Concentration Gradient The difference between an area where a solute is in high concentration and the area of low concentration
Osmosis The movement of water along a concentration gradient through a Semi Permeable Membrane.
Active Transport Movement of substances AGAINST the concentration Gradient with the use of energy.
Mass Transport System Substances are transported in a fluid with a pump to move it around the body.
Water A Polar molecule with unusual properties because of the Hydrogen bonding between molecules. It is the Universal Solvent.
Hydrogen Bonding The relatively weak electrostatic attraction of Water Molecules. Positively charged Hydrogen atoms are attracted to the negatively charged Oxygen atoms. Also causes Water to be attracted to other charged particles and surfaces.
Solvent The liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.
Solution A Solute dissolved in a Solvent.
Solute The minor component of a Solution, dissolved into a Solvent.
What type of substances will Water act as a Solvent for? Give an Example. Polar Molecules and Ionic Substances (Hydrophilic Substances). NaCl - Table Salt, Carbon Containing with Ionised groups.
What type of substances will Water NOT act as a Solvent? Non-Polar Molecules - Hydrophobic substances.
Why does sugar dissolve in water? It has a slightly charged hydroxyl group so it forms hydrogen bonds with water.
Colloid A mixture in which the particles of one substances are distributed evenly throughout another substance. The Solute particles are bigger than the solvent particles.
Emulsions Tiny droplets of one liquid suspended in another liquid. Such as oils in Water.
Suspensions A solid in a Liquid in which the particles will separate out if not constantly moved or stirred. Such as Blood is a suspension of cells and Platelets in Plasma.
What is the Mass Transport System in Humans The cardiovascular System
Why do Humans Require a Mass Transport System? Large distance from skin to internal organs, complex substance requirements that are unable to diffuse through skin, slow diffusion speed would not meet requirements of organism.
Name 5 Roles of the CV System Part of Defense network, transportation of Materials to cells, removal of waste products, Distribution of Heat, Transportation of Hormones.
Name the 4 Major Components of the Blood Plasma, Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes), White Blood Cells (Leucocytes), Platelets.
Plasma is the....? The liquid Medium in which Red Blood Cells, White blood cells, platelets and a wide variety of dissolved substances are suspended.
Name 6 things Plasma Transports / Helps to do Digested Substances (Glucose and Amino Acids), Chemical Messages (Hormones) to where effect a change, excretory products (CO2, Urea), Stored food molecules to where they are needed, Maintain body Temp by distributing heat, Acts as a buffer.
Red Blood Cells transport? Oxygen from the Lungs to cells and CO2 from Respiring Cells to the lungs.
Name 3 features of the Red Blood Cell: No Nucleus, Biconcave Disk shape, Has Haemoglobin.
Why does a RBC have no Nucleus and a Biconcave Disk Shape? No Nucleus makes more space for haemoglobin and the Biconcave shape makes it able to squeeze through capillaries.
Name the three types of Blood Vessels Arteries, Veins and Capillaries.
Systemic Circulation Carries oxygenated blood from the Heart to the cells and Deoxygenated blood from the cells to the Heart.
Pulmonary Circulation Carries Deoxygenated blood from the Heart to the Lungs and Oxygenated blood from the Lungs to the Heart.
Name four features of Arteries Thick outer collagen layer, think muscular/elastin layer, medium sized lumen, Smooth endothelium
Arteries: The Thick Collagen Layer... Gives structural support and allows the artery to withstand high pressure from beating heart.
Arteries: The Think Middle Layer... Is made from Muscle and Elastic fibers to allow for the Artery to change shape when high volume of blood is pushed into it. The Muscle contracts back to help push blood along.
Arteries: The Medium sized lumen... Allows for fast blood flow.
Blood Vessels: The Smooth Endothelium... Allows for smoothest possible blood flow.
Name 5 Features of Veins: 1. Thin Outer Collagen layer, 2. Thin Muscle/Elastic Fiber layer, 3. Has Valves, 4. Near support Muscles, Large Lumen.
Veins: The Thin collagen layer isn't as think as the arteries... Because it doesn't have to handle high blood pressures from the pumping heart.
Veins: The thin Muscle/ Elastic Fiber layer.... Doesn't have to change the shape of the vessels as the blood doesn't 'pulse' the same in veins.
Veins: The Large lumen... Allows for the high volume of blood to be in the vein at any time.
Veins: The Valves... Prevent Backflow for blood and ensure it flows towards the heart
Veins: The supporting muscles... Contract to ensure the blood flow moves in only one direction.
Why are the Capillary Lumen only one RBC thick? To slow down blood flow to give more time for substances to diffuse.
Name 2 Features of Capillaries: 1. Wall is only one cell thick, 2. Lumen allows for only ONE RBC at a time.
Capillaries: Why are the Lumens only one RBC wide? To slow down blood flow to allow for more time for diffusion of substances to occur.
Capillaries: Why is the wall only One Cell thick? To shorten the distance that substances need to diffuse to allow quicker diffusion times.
Capillaries spread between cells... No cell is very far from a Capillary (close to a supply of blood).
Facilitated Diffusion Diffusion that takes place through specific Carrier Proteins but does not use ATP.
Created by: mjwilson1988
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