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Bacterial C&N
classification and nomenclature
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "Streptococcus pneumoniae" is names by its genus and what else? | Species |
| "Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi" is named by its genus and what else? | Species and serovar |
| "Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus" is named by its genus and what else? | Species and subspecies |
| Bacteria areclassified in this kingdom | Procaryotae |
| "Streptococcus pneumoniae" is names by its genus and what else? | Species |
| "Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi" is named by its genus and what else? | Species and serovar |
| "Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus" is named by its genus and what else? | Species and subspecies |
| Bacteria areclassified in this kingdom | Procaryotae |
| Number of chromosomes of bacteria | 1, sometimes 2 |
| Bacterial chromosomes are comprised of... | dsDNA |
| Configuration of bacterial chromosomes | circular, sometimes linear |
| Represents a group of related genera | Family |
| Collection of strains that share many properties | Species |
| Five common bacterial pathogen families | 1. Chlamydiaceae 2. Enterobacteriaceae 3. Mycoplasmataceae 4. Pasteurellaceae 5. Rickettsiaceae |
| A well-defined group of organisms that can be distinguished from other groups like this | Genus |
| Four things that define most genera | 1. Gram reaction 2. Cellular morphology 3. Atmospheric growth requirements 4. In-vivo growth requirements |
| Collection of strains that share many properties | Species |
| The basic taxon of most bacterial pathogens | Species |
| Fimbral Antigens (F) are used to serotype this serovar | Enterotoxigenic E. coli serovars |
| Is used to facilitate the description of an organism within a species with a notable difference in disease, host adaptation or other important characteristic | Subspecies |
| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli serovars are serotyped based on... | 1. Somatic (O) antigens 2. Flagellar (H) antigens 3. Capsular (K) antigens |
| The lowest rank in nomenclature | Subspecies |
| somatic (O) and/or flagellar (H) and capsular (K) antigens serotype these serovars | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli |
| Fimbral Antigens (F) are used to serotype this serovar | Enterotoxigenic E. coli serovars |
| Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli serovars are serotyped based on... | 1. Somatic (O) antigens 2. Flagellar (H) antigens 3. Capsular (K) antigens |
| Most nonpathogenic leptospires are classified in the species | L. biflexa |
| somatic (O) and/or flagellar (H) and capsular (K) antigens serotype these serovars | Enterohemorrhagic E. coli, enteroinvasive E. coli and enteropathogenic E. coli |
| Most pathogenic salmonellae are classified in the species | Salmonella enterica |
| Most pathogenic leptospires are classified in the species | L. interrogans |
| Salmonella serovars are identified based on their | Somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens |
| Most nonpathogenic leptospires are classified in the species | L. biflexa |
| Most pathogenic salmonellae are classified in the species | Salmonella enterica |
| Staphylococcus xylosus strain 35663 in the American Type Culture Collection serves as a prototype strain of this species | Prototype, or type, strain of this species |
| Salmonella serovars are identified based on their | Somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens |
| Type of strain that is commonly used for disease studies | Reference strain |
| represents the descendants derived from an initial single colony isolated from an exogenous source such as a pathologic lesion | Strain |
| Has special biochemical or physiological properties | Biovar |
| Staphylococcus xylosus strain 35663 in the American Type Culture Collection serves as a prototype strain of this species | Prototype, or type, strain of this species |
| generally identified by its ability to metabolize different organic substrates (amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids) | Biovar |
| Type of strain that is commonly used for disease studies | Reference strain |
| The scientific naming of organisms | Nomenclature |
| Has special biochemical or physiological properties | Biovar |
| generally identified by its ability to metabolize different organic substrates (amino acids, carbohydrates and lipids) | Biovar |
| The scientific naming of organisms | Nomenclature |
| Responsible for a bacterium staining gram-positive or gram-negative | Differences in cell wall structure |
| Provides rigidity to the cell wall | Peptidoglycan |
| In gram-negative bacteria, a thin peptidoglycan layer is located between the... | Cytoplasmic membrane and outer membrane |
| Gram-negative cell wall-free bacteria have a cytoplasmic membrane, but they do not have a... | Peptidoglycan layer or outer membrane |
| Cellular morphologies of gram-positive bacteria | Bacilli, cocci and sporeforming |
| Cellular morphologies of gram-negative bacteria | Bacilli, cocci, helical bacilli and spirochetes |
| Gram-negative cell wall-free bacteria are... | Pleomorphic |
| Diameter of gram-positive cocci | 1 micrometer |
| Width of most gram-positive and gram-negative bacilli | 1 micrometer |
| Range of length of gram-p and gram-n bacilli | 1-5 micrometers |
| Example of a large bacteria | Bacillus anthracis |
| Example of a medium-sized bacteria | Escherichia coli |
| Example of a small bacteria | Moraxella bovis |
| Weight of a medium-sized bacteria | 10^-9 gram |
| Species that forms pairs of cells | Neisseria |
| Species that forms grape-like clusters | Staphylococcus |
| Species that usually forms chains of cells (one exception) | Streptococcus |
| Kind of Streptococcus that forms in pairs | S. pneumoniae |
| Gram-positive bacteria have a cytoplasmic membrane with | A phospholipid bilayer and proteins |
| Gram-positive bacteria have an outer membrane with | Peptidoglycan, proteins and techoic acids |
| Gram-positive acid-fast bacilli have a cytoplasmic membrane with | A phospholipid bilayer and proteins |
| Gram-positive acid-fast bacilli have an outer membrane with | Lipids, peptidoglycan, proteins and techoic acids |
| Gram-positive acid-fast bacilli that can be stained with Ziehl-Neelsen stain but not with Gram stain or Kinyoun stain | Mycobacterium |
| Gram-negative bacteria have a cytoplasmic membrane with | A phospholipid bilayer and proteins |
| Three layers of gram-negative bacteria | 1. Phospholipid bilayer 2. Peptidoglycan layer 3. Outermembrane |
| Gram-negative bacteria have an outermembrane with | A phospholipid bilayer, lipopolysaccharide and proteins (including porin proteins) |
| Components of lipopolysaccharide | Polysaccharide, Lipid A and somatic antigens |
| Location of polysaccharide and Lipid A | phospholipid bilayer |
| Location of Somatic antigens | surface of bacterium |
| composition of O antigens | tetramer of hexoses and/or pentoses |
| As compared to smooth bacteria, rough bacteria lack | somatic antigens |
| Flagella type of G- spirochetes | periplasmic |
| Composition og G- dell-wall free cytoplasmic membrane | phospholipid bilayer, proteins, sterols |
| G- cellular morphologies | Cocci, bacilli, spirochetes, helical, pleiomorphic |
| Derived from G+ bacteria and have no outer membrane | Protoplasts |
| Derived from G- bacteria and have no peptidoglycan layer and no outer membrane | Spheroplasts |
| Classification that includes protoplasts and spheroplasts | L-forms |
| When does L-form revert to vegetative state | When stable |
| When does L-form synthesize a cell wall | When transitional |
| Gram stain result of a protoplast | + |
| Gran stain result from a spheroplast | - |
| G- bacteria that forms pairs | Neisseria |
| Location of capsules (if present) | surface of bacteria |
| Protein and carbohydrate capsules | antigenic |
| hyaluronic acid capsules | non-antigenic |
| Factors that affect capsules | environmental and nutritional conditions |
| Genera (species?) that produce endospores | Bacillus and Clostridium |
| Vegetative cell that produces an endospore | sporangium |
| Endospore composition | -NO water -5-15% calcium dipcolinate |
| Compound responsible for hardiness of endospore | Calcium dipcolinate |
| Atmospheric conditions undr which Bacillus (facultative anaerobes) form an endospore | Aerobic |
| Atmospheric conditions under which Clostridium (obligate anaerobes) form an endospore | Anaerobic |
| Endospore locations | Central, terminal, sub-terminal |
| Endospore shapes | round or oval |
| Responsible for the motility of a bacterium | Flagella |
| Components of a flagellum | filament, hook, basal component |
| Portion of flagella that carries the H antigen | Filament |
| Three types of flagella | periplasmic peritrichous polar |
| location of periplasmic flagella | intergrated into spiral shape |
| location of peritrichous flagella | distributed over the whole cell |
| location of polar flagella | one or both ends of the cell |
| Functions of fimbriae | adherence conjugation |
| Adherence antigens of human enterotoxogenic E. coli | CFA-I, II, III, and IV fimbrae |
| Type of bacteria that more commonly exhibits conjugation (gram...) | G- |
| Separates the cytoplasm from the cell wall | cytoplasmic membrane |
| Embedded in the phospholipid bilayer | proteins |
| Compound that maintains the structure of the cytoplasmic membrane | phospholipids |
| Has cytochromes of the electron transport system | proteins of the cyto. membrane |
| synthesize the cytoplasmic membrane, peptidoglycan, outer membrane, and/or capsule | proteins of the cyto. membrane |
| Proteins that allow molecules w/ MW<600 to diffuse through the G- outer membrane | Porin proteins |
| Porin proteins allow molecules with MW____ to diffuse across G- outer membrane | MW<600 |
| Porin proteins allow molecules with MW<600 to diffuse across _______ | the G- outer membrane |
| number of genes a typical bacteria has | 1500-4500 |
| direction of replication from origin | bi-directional |
| The process in which the replicated genome segregates between daughter cells and then crosswallsd form as the parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells | binary fission |
| extra chromosomal circular strands of dsDNA | plasmid |
| a plasmid that integrates into the chromosome | episome |
| plasmids are less that ___% the size of the chromosome | 5% |
| plasmids encode for ____% of all cellular protein | 3-10% |
| proteins that plasmids code for that kill/inhobit strains of the same or different species | bacterions |
| virulence factors encoded for on plasmids | fimbral antigens, hemolysins, toxins |
| two types of plasmids | R-plasmids F-plasmids |
| Plasmid that codes for antimicrobial resistance | R-plasmid |
| Plasmids that promote transfer of plasmid dsDNA from the donor(F+) to the recipient(F-) during conjugation | F-plasmids |
| beta-lactamase inactivates penicillin by | hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring og penicillin |
| location of bacterial ribosomes | throughout the cytoplasm |
| sedimentation coefficient of rRNA | 70S |
| subunits of rRNA | 30S 50S |
| 16S rRNA and proteins are coded for by which subunit of rRNA | 30S |
| 5S rRNA and 23S are coded for by this subunit of rRNA | 50S |
| the process by which dsDNA is transferred from one bacterium to another | conjugation |
| the process by which a bacteriophage transfers a fragment of dsDNA from a chromosome of plasmid to a recipient bacterium | transduction |
| the prcess by which exogenous dsDNA from a chromosome/plamid is taken up by a recipient bacteria | transformation |
Created by:
jesters
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