COPD is a group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways, the airflow obstruction in usually progressive, may be accompanied by airway hypersensitivity, may be partially reversible

Describe the direct effects of smoking on the respiratory system

Nicotine acts as a stimulent to the sympathetic nervous system resulting in increased HR, increased peripheral vasoconstriction,increased BP, increased cardiac workload, decreased cilary activity, possible loss of ciliated cells, cellular hyperplasia

How would you explain to the patient and family the need to keep 02 at the prescribed rate for COPD

Co2&o2 control drive2breathe,accumulation of c02 is major stimulant 2 draw air,over time COPD patients develop a tolerence for high levels of co2,drive to breathe becomes low levels of o2 in the blood,higher levels of o2 can take away that drive2breathe

Why is it important to have careful ongoing assessment when providing oxygen to a patient with COPD

To assure patient is receiving the right amount of oxygen, not to much that there drive to breathe is taken away, or too little that they are struggling to get o2

Pathology of emphysema

Loss of lung elasticity, abnormal enlargement of the airspace's distal to the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the aveolar walls and capillary beds.

Pathology of chronic bronchitis

Hypersecretion mucous-large airways associated with hypertrophy of submucosal glands in the trachea,bronchi,marked increase goblet cells-small airways,excess mucus production, plugging of airway lumen,inflammatory infiltration,fibrosis of bronchiolar wall

what are the Clinical manifestation of emphysema

Air trapping, resulting from loss o lung elasticity and leading to expansion of chest, diminished breath sounds on auscultaion, use of accessory muscles of repiration, tachypnea, central nervous system depression, resulting from high co2 levels, cachexia

What are the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis

productive,purulentcough,easily worsened by inspired irritants,cold weather or infection, copious amounts sputum production,air hunger,accessory muscle use,dysnea, wheezing, rhonchi,prolonged expiratory phase, cyanosis,pedal edema,jugular vein distension

asthma is a progressive respiratory disease charactewrized by inflammation of the respiratory tract and spasm of airway bronchiolar smooth muscle, asthma occurs in individuals who aggressively respond to various airway irritants

bronchocontsriction: airway narrowing and a subsequent interference with airflow, airway odema, airway hyperressponsiveness; an exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to a wide variety of stimuli,

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patho one

Question	Answer
What is COPD	COPD is a group of respiratory disorders characterized by chronic and recurrent obstruction of airflow in the pulmonary airways, the airflow obstruction in usually progressive, may be accompanied by airway hypersensitivity, may be partially reversible
Describe the direct effects of smoking on the respiratory system	Nicotine acts as a stimulent to the sympathetic nervous system resulting in increased HR, increased peripheral vasoconstriction,increased BP, increased cardiac workload, decreased cilary activity, possible loss of ciliated cells, cellular hyperplasia
How would you explain to the patient and family the need to keep 02 at the prescribed rate for COPD	Co2&o2 control drive2breathe,accumulation of c02 is major stimulant 2 draw air,over time COPD patients develop a tolerence for high levels of co2,drive to breathe becomes low levels of o2 in the blood,higher levels of o2 can take away that drive2breathe
Why is it important to have careful ongoing assessment when providing oxygen to a patient with COPD	To assure patient is receiving the right amount of oxygen, not to much that there drive to breathe is taken away, or too little that they are struggling to get o2
Pathology of emphysema	Loss of lung elasticity, abnormal enlargement of the airspace's distal to the terminal bronchioles, with destruction of the aveolar walls and capillary beds.
Pathology of chronic bronchitis	Hypersecretion mucous-large airways associated with hypertrophy of submucosal glands in the trachea,bronchi,marked increase goblet cells-small airways,excess mucus production, plugging of airway lumen,inflammatory infiltration,fibrosis of bronchiolar wall
what are the Clinical manifestation of emphysema	Air trapping, resulting from loss o lung elasticity and leading to expansion of chest, diminished breath sounds on auscultaion, use of accessory muscles of repiration, tachypnea, central nervous system depression, resulting from high co2 levels, cachexia
What are the clinical manifestations of chronic bronchitis	productive,purulentcough,easily worsened by inspired irritants,cold weather or infection, copious amounts sputum production,air hunger,accessory muscle use,dysnea, wheezing, rhonchi,prolonged expiratory phase, cyanosis,pedal edema,jugular vein distension
What is asthma	asthma is a progressive respiratory disease charactewrized by inflammation of the respiratory tract and spasm of airway bronchiolar smooth muscle, asthma occurs in individuals who aggressively respond to various airway irritants
pathology of asthma	bronchocontsriction: airway narrowing and a subsequent interference with airflow, airway odema, airway hyperressponsiveness; an exaggerated bronchoconstrictor response to a wide variety of stimuli,

Created by: izzy.k

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