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VNSG 1329 Exam 1
Medical Surgical Nursing
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Outer layer of the skin | Epidermis |
| Inner layer of the skin | Dermis |
| Pigment that determines the color of skin | Melanin |
| Layer of dead skin | stratum corneum |
| tough protective protein formed by the stratum corneum | Keratin |
| Four major functions of the skin | Protection, Temperature regulation, sensory processing and chemical synthesis |
| 1st line of defense | Protection |
| The skin regulates body temperature by | dilating and constricting blood vessels |
| Heat is also lost by four methods | Radiation, Conduction, evaporation, and convection |
| Radiation | transfer of heat into environment |
| transfer of heat through direct contact | Conduction |
| loss of moisture or water (sweat) | evaporation |
| transfer of heat from body by currents of air or liquids | convection |
| Nerves in skin respond to | pressure, pain, heat, and cold |
| Vitamin D synthesized when skin exposed to UV | Chemical synthesis |
| Originates in hair follicle in dermis | Hair |
| Fine and thin hair | Vellus hair |
| coarse hair | terminal hair |
| decreased melanin production causes | graying hair |
| connected to each hair follicle | sebaceous and sweat glands |
| Eccrine glands secrete | water-like sweat |
| Aprocrine glands secrete | thick oily sweat |
| Hard keratin, protective function, abundant capillary blood supply; Lunula | Nails |
| Pruritus means | itching |
| Flat, round colored example freckles or rash | Macule |
| Elevated with raised border, solid example wart | Papule |
| Elevated filled with serum, example blister | Vesicle |
| Elevated, irregular border, no free fluid example hives/welt | wheal |
| elevated filled with pus example boil | pustule |
| elevated solid mass that extends into deeper tissue, example enlarged lymph node | nodule |
| encapsulated, round, fluid filled or solid mass beneath skin example tissue growth | Cyst |
| occur when capillary blood flow to an area is reduced | Pressure Ulcer |
| Coccyx, sacrum, hips, back of head, shoulder blades, heels, elbows, and ears | common areas for breakdown |
| when you push on a red area if it stays red breakdown has already started | Blanching |
| Redness-fails to resume normal color or blanch when pressure is relieved | Stage 1 pressure ulcer |
| blistering or skin tear | stage 2 pressure ulcer |
| shallow crater with drainage | stage 3 pressure ulcer |
| deep ulcerated tissue; exposed muscle and bone; sepsis-most traumatic and life-threatening. | stage 4 pressure ulcer |
| Turn patient frequently will | advoid pressure sores |
| Dehydration, diaphoresis, immobility, inactivity, incontinence, edema, and malnutrition | risk factors for developing pressure sores |
| because dressing changes are painful what should you do one hour before the procedure | Medicate the patient |
| visual inspection, culture and sensitivity tests, allergy tests, wood's light examination, potassium hydroxide test, fungal culture, skin biopsy | integumentary diagnostic tests |
| corticosteroids and antihistamines | allergy type symptoms |
| antibiotics and antiseptics | killing bacteria |
| scabicides and pediculocides | itch mite and lice |
| antiseborrheic agents | dandruff shampoo |
| keratolytics-for warts | anywhere with thickened skin |
| cool, soothing effect and sterile procedure for broken skin | wet dressings |
| aid in removal of crusts and scales-debridement | therapeutic baths |
| application of extreme cold to destroy tissue and frozen tissue thaws into gelatin like substance and sloughs off and scab forms | cryosurgery |
| use of electrical energy converted to heat which destroys tissue, used for plantar warts and skin tumors | electrodessication |
| treatment of malignant skin lesions | radiation therapy |
| combination of psoralen methoxsalen and ultraviolet A light | photo chemotherapy |
| pigmenting the dermal layer of skin with needles containing dye | Tattoo |
| laser treatment, dermabrasion, salabrasion, scarification, and plastic surgery | types of tattoo removal |
| a general term that refers to an inflammation of the skin accompanied by a red rash | Dermatitis |
| a term for a group of medical conditions that cause the skin to become inflamed or irritated | Eczema |
| Two common types of dermatitis | Allergic and irritant dermatitis |
| develops in people who are sensitive to one or more substances such as; drugs, fibers in clothing, cosmetics, plants, and dyes | Allergic dermatitis |
| is a localized reaction that occurs when the skin comes into contact with a strong chemical | Irritant dermatitis |
| remove the substances causes the reaction, flushing skin with cool water, calamine lotion, anti-itch topical amount | treatment for dermatitis |
| tends to coincide with puberty, it is an inflammatory disorder that affects the sebaceous gland | Acne Vulgaris |
| a chronic disorder that manifests in a variety of ways, characterized by a rosy appearance | Rosacea |
| chronic vasodilation of blood vessels, causes hypertrophy of dermal tissue and sebaceous glands causing papules and pustules | Pathophysiology of Rosacea |
| triggers of rosacea | hot beverages, spicy foods, and exposure to environmental elements |
| antibiotics to decrease inflammation, topical anti-inflammatory, and laser treatment to remove thickened skin | treatments for rosacea |
| a boil | furuncle |
| having multiple furuncles | Furunculosis |
| a furuncle from which pus drains | carbuncle |
| caused by skin infections with organisms that usually exist harmlessly on the skin surface | furuncles, furunculosis, and carbuncles |
| when the integrity of the skin is impaired | microorgansims can enter and colonize the skin |
| may appear anywhere on the body but especially around the neck, axillary, and groin areas | furuncles and carbuncles |
| hot wet soaks, antibiotics, incision and drainage | treatment for furuncles and carbuncles |
| a chronic noninfectious inflammatory disorder of the skin that affects both men and women | Psoriasis |
| skin cells behave as if they need to repair a wound the cells proliferate faster | keratinocytes |
| psoriasis can cause patches of erythema with silvery scales on | elbows, knees, trunk, and scalp |
| psoriasis can be treated with | corticosteriods, retinoids, vitamin D, and photo chemotherapy |
| a fairly common infectious skin disease caused by infestation with the itch mite | Scabies |
| treatment for scabies is | scabicides |
| Dermatophytoses also called | fungi or tinea |
| tinea pedis | athletes foot |
| tinea capitis | head, can cause temporary hair loss |
| tinea corporis | on the body also known as ringworm |
| tinea cruris | jock itch |
| shingles is also called | herpes zoster |
| a skin disorder that develops years after an infection with chicken pox | Shingles |
| shingles is mostly | unilateral |
| symptoms you can have with shingles | low grade fever, headache, and malaise |
| causes an infection that begins with itching and burning and progresses to the development of vesicles that rupture and form crusts | Herpes Simplex |
| infections on the face and upper body | HSV Type 1 |
| genital infections caused by herpes simplex | HSV Type 2 |
| can be transmitted by direct contact | Herpes |
| most common type of cancer in the US | skin cancer |
| may appear as scaly ulcers or raised lesions with irregular borders | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| usually begins as a painless, nodular lesion that have a pearly appearance | Basal cell carcinoma |
| raised black or brown lesions, most serious type of skin cancer | Malignant Melanoma |
| Diagnosis of skin cancer is confirmed by | skin biopsy |
| an inflammation of the skin where two skin surfaces touch | Intertrigo |
| an infection of the deep fascia structures of the skin | Necrotizing Fascilitis |
| flesh eating bacteria | Necrotizing Fascilitis |
| is usually caused by strep pyogenes and is local tenderness and redness | Cellulitis |
| the medical term for lice | pediculosis |
| a fungal dermatophyte infection of the fingernails and toenails | Onychomyosis |
| the medical term for ingrown toenail | Onychocryptosis |
| capillary refill should be less than | three seconds |
| concave shaped nails may indicate | iron deficiency |
| suggest long standing cardio-pulmonary disease | Clubbing |
| Etiology of burns | Heat, chemical and electrical |
| cell damage; protein coagulation | Heat burn |
| liquefy tissue; loosen cell attachment | chemical burn |
| cardiac dsyrythmias; CNS complications | Electrical burns |
| partial thickness burn like sunburn, epidermis remains intact | First degree burn |
| painful and usually blistered or weepy, dermis involved classified as superficial or deep partial thickness burn | second degree burn |
| large, thick walled blisters or by edema, exposed dermis | third degree burn |
| involve epidermis, dermis, and underlying tissues including fat, muscle and bone also called full thickness burn | fourth degree burn |
| hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, oliguria, or anuria | Hypovolemic shock |
| suspect inhalation injury if the pt has | facial burns, stridor, decreased O2 |
| begins with the injury and ends when fluid shifts have stabilized | emergent care |
| burn injury assessed, watch for impaired ventilation, respiratory failure | Acute care |
| intended to promote healing, prevent infection, control heat loss, retain function and minimize disfigurement | wound care after a burn injury |
| Sources of grafts-self | Autograft |
| Sources of grafts-cadaver sloughs away-7days | Allograft |
| Sources of grafts- animals slough away-7 days | Hetergraft |
| epidermis and thin layer of dermis harvested from donor site | Spilt thickness |
| epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue harvested | Full thickness |
| harvested tissue stretched to cover larger area | Slit graft |
| the epidermis is completely replaced every | 35-45 days |
| a yeast infection caused by the candida albicans microorganisms | Candidiasis |
Created by:
nursekk
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