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Pharm Exam I MC
Prof: Fabick
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pharmacokinetics | study of drug moevement throughout the body |
| diffusion or passive transport | molecules move from higher to lower concentration & are usually small nonionized or lipid-soluble |
| active transport | chemicals move against concentration or electrochemical gradient & usually large ioniezed or water-soluble molecules |
| cotransport | movement of 2 or more chemicals across the membrane |
| absorption | movement from site of administration across body membranes to circulating fluids |
| affinity | attraction |
| drug-protein complexes | binding reversibly to plasma proteins & never reaching target cell |
| blood-brain & fetal-placenta barriers | are special anatomic barriers that prevent many chemicals & medications from entering |
| biotransformation | or metabolism is how the drug is used by teh body & also changes it so that it can be excreted |
| conjugates | side chains that makes drugs more water soluble & more easily excreted by the kidneys |
| prodrugs | have no pharmacologic activity unless 1st metabolized to active form by the body |
| enzyme induction | a drug increases metabolic activity in the liver |
| 1st-pass effect | oral drugs that enter hepatic-portal circulation |
| pharmacodynamics | how medicine changes the body |
| frequency-distribution curve | graphical representation of number of clients responding to drugs at different doses |
| median effective dose | middle of frequency-distribution curve that produces therapeutic response in 50% of a group also known as average or standard dose |
| ED50 | median effective dose |
| LD50 | median lethal dose |
| median lethal dose | used to assess safety of a drug & is lethal dose in 50% of group of animals |
| therapeutic index | measure of a drug's safety margin. the higher the value the safer the drug |
| calculating therapeutic index | median LD50 divided by median ED50 |
| median toxicity dose | dose that will produce given toxicity in 50% of group of clients |
| TD50 | median toxic dose |
| graded-dose responses | graphically visualizes differences in responses to medications in a single patient |
| phase 1 | occurs at lowest dose & few target cells affected by drug |
| phase 2 | linear relationship & most desirable range |
| phase 3 | plateau reached therefore increasing dose has no therapeutic effect & increased dose may produce adverse effects |
| potency | produces a therapeutic effect at a lower dose compared with another drug in the same class |
| efficacy | magnitude of maximal response that can be produced from a particular drug |
| which is more important potency or efficacy? | efficacy |
| nonspecific cellular response | caused by drugs that act independently of receptors |
| angonists | produce greater maximal response, produce same response as endogenous substance & bind to receptor |
| partial antagonists | bind to receptor & produce a weaker response than agonist |
| antagonists | occupy receptors & prevent endogenous chemical from acting often compete with agonist for receptors |
| functional antagonists | inhibit the effects of an agonist not by competing for a receptor but by changing pharmacokinetic factors |
| idiosyncratic responses | unpredictable & unexplained drug reactions |
| pharmacogenetics | are of pharmacology that examines the role of heredity in drug response |
Created by:
midnight1854
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