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Micro Ch 2 Terms

QuestionAnswer
Archaea one of two known domains of prokaryotes; compare with Bacteria
autotroph organism able to grow with CO2 as its sole carbon source
Bacteria one of two known domains of prokaryotes; compare with a Archaea
cell wall rigid layer present outside the cytoplasmic membrane; confers structural strength to the cell and protection from osmotic lysis
chemolithotroph organism that obtains its energy from oxidation of inorganic compounds
chemoorganotroph organism that obtains energy from oxidation of organic compounds
chromosome genetic element containing genes essential to cell function
cyanobacteria prokaryotic oxygenic phototrophs
cytoplasm aqueous internal portion of cell, bounded by cytoplasmic membrane
cytoplasmic membrane cell's permeability barrier to environment; encloses cytoplasm
domain highest level of biological classification
endosymbiosis theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated from Bacteria
Eurkarya domain of life that includes all eukaryotic cells
eukaryote cell having membrane-enclosed nucleus and usually other membrane-enclosed organelles
evolution change in line of descent over time leading to new species or varieties within species
extremophile organism that grows optimally under one or more environmental extremes
gram stain differential staining technique in which bacterial cells stain either pink (gram -) or purple (gram +) depending upon their structural makeup
heterotroph organism that requires organic carbon as its carbon source
nucleoid aggregated mass of DNA that constitutes the chromosome of cells of Bacteria and Archaea
Nucleus membrane-encloses structure that contains chromosomes in eukaryotic cells
organelle membrane-encloses structure such as mitochondrion or chloroplast, present in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells
phototroph organism that obtains its energy from light
phylogeny the evolutionary relationships between organisms
plasmid extrachromosomal genetic element nonessential for growth
prokaryote cell that lacks membrane-enclosed nucleus and other organelles
proteobacteria large phylum of bacteria that includes many of the common gram - bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli)
protists algae and protozoan
resolution ability to distinguish two objects as distinct and separate under the microscope
ribosome cytoplasmic particle that functions in portien synthesis
virus genetic element that contains either a DNA or an RNA genome, has an extracellular form (the virion) and depends on host cell for replication
Created by: jablain09
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