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Musc 2 Ortho 2
Orthopedics part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What infection is classically a/w cold agglutinins? | Mycloplasma pneumonia |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: HTN measured in the arms but low BP in the LE | coarctation of the aorta |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: proteinuria | renal dz |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: hypokalemia | hyperaldosteronism |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: tachycardia, diarrhea, heat intolerance | hyperthyroidism |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: hyperkalemia | renal failure |
| What is the most likely cause of secondary HTN given the following findings?: episodic sweating, tachycardia | pheochromocytoma |
| What is the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis? | mom's Rh - Ab attack the fetus' Rh + RBCs |
| A sprain is an injury to what? What f'n does this structure serve? | Ligaments (connect bones to bones) |
| Tx for sprains? | RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation |
| What is a long-term complication of meniscal debridement? | Osteoarthritis in treated knee |
| 6 P's of compartment syndrome? | Pain, pallor, poikilothermia, pulseness, parasthesias, and paralysis |
| A pt comes in with a painful, swollen leg but his pulses are still present. Can you rule out compartment syndrome? | No way! |
| Which type of fracture is highly a/w compartment syndrome? | Tibial fracture |
| Cauda equina syndrome is a d/o of which part of the spinal cord? | Spinal n roots |
| What type of knee injury matches the following statement?: MCly injured knee ligament | MCL |
| What type of knee injury matches the following statement?: positive Lachman test | ACL tear |
| What type of knee injury matches the following statement?: positive McMurray test aids in dx | Meniscus tear |
| What type of knee injury matches the following statement?: common dashboard knee injury in MVA | PCL tear |
| What measured pressures are a/w compartment syndrome? | >30mmHg or within 20 of DBP |
| For what grade sprains should a lace-up ankle support be used rather than a semi-rigid ankle supports? | Grade 1 or grade 2 |
| What imaging study is preferred for imaging of soft tissue in joint injuries such as ligamentous tears? What about bone? | Soft tissue: MRI. Bone: CT. |
| How is compartment syndrome diagnosed? | Needle manometry |
| What is the tx for compartment syndrome? | Emergent fasciotomy |
| What imaging study is best for detecting spinal cord compression? Which is best for detecting spinal cord lesions as in MS? | Spinal cord compression: CT. Spinal cord lesions (MS): MRI. |
| What is the best imaging study for visualizing the brachial plexus? | MRI |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: pain increases with passive straight leg raise | Disc herniation |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: pain lessens with flexion at the hips (e.g., bending over a shopping cart) | spinal stenosis |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: elderly, weight loss, pain constant but worse when supine | Spinal tumor |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: acute urinary retention | cauda equina syndrome |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: pain made worse by walking and standing (AKA pseudoclaudication) | lumbar spinal stenosis |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: loss of foot dorsiflexion and pain on crossed straight leg raise | disc herniation |
| WHat is the cause of low back pain given the following hints at presentation?: pain limited to the paraspinal region | m strain |
| A pt comes to the ER s/p MVA with a suspected tib/fib fracture. The pt's lower leg is pale, dorsalis pedis pulse is absent, and the pt has pain with passive motion of the leg. What is the tx? | emergent fasciotomy |
| A young woman thrown from a horse presents with low back pain, urinary retention, saddle anesthesia, and decreased rectal tone. What is the tx for her condition? | Emergency decompression of the spinal cord and IV steroids to decrease spinal cord inflammation |
| Assuming brachial plexus injury of sacral plexus as the cause of these deficits, what n root level is injured in the following scenario?: parasthesia to the lateral foot | S1 |
| Assuming brachial plexus injury of sacral plexus as the cause of these deficits, what n root level is injured in the following scenario?: loss of foot dorsiflexion | L4 |
| Assuming brachial plexus injury of sacral plexus as the cause of these deficits, what n root level is injured in the following scenario?: anterior shoulder numbness | C5 |
| Assuming brachial plexus injury of sacral plexus as the cause of these deficits, what n root level is injured in the following scenario?: loss of the ability to spread the fingers | T1 |
| Assuming brachial plexus injury of sacral plexus as the cause of these deficits, what n root level is injured in the following scenario?: parasthesia to the posterior forearm | C7 |
| What test confirms the dx of spinal stenosis? | CT or X-ray |
| Tx for neuropathic pain in degenerative disc dz? | Gabapentin or pregabalin |
| Tx for neuropathic pain with comorbid depression in degenerative disc dz? | Duloxetine. TCAs (amitriptyline and nortriptyline) are a cheaper option. Avoid amitriptyline in elderly due to anticholinergic SE. |
| Back pain radiating to epigastrium with high amylase and lipase? | Pancreatitis |
| Back pain radiating to epigastrium with pulsatile abd mass? | Triple A |
| Back pain worse at rest, better with activity? | Ankylosing spondylitis, esp in male in 20s-30s |
| Back pain along spine with spinal asymmetry? | Scoliosis |
| Back pain along spine with systemic symptoms? | Meningitis, discitis, or osteomyelitis |
| Back pain along spine with abnormal gait? | Spondylolithesis |
Created by:
sarah3148
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