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ch28 digestive
Chapter 28 The Digestive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abomasum | last section of the ruminant stomach that acts as the true stomach and allows food to be digested |
| alimentary canal | veterinary medical terminology for the GI system |
| amylase | enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down starches |
| anastomosis | surgical removal of a dead area of tissue along the digestive tract and resectioning the areas back together |
| ascending colon | first section of the large intestine |
| avian system | specialized digestive system of birds |
| beak | avian mouth with no teeth that forms an upper and lower bill |
| bile | yellow fluid that helps break down food for digestion and absorption of food |
| bloat | condition that causes the abdoment to become swollen and painful due to air and gas within the intestinal tract |
| body | central part of the stomach that expands as food enters |
| canine | teeth also known as fangs that are used to tear apart food |
| cardia | entrance of the stomach that filters food |
| caniasial tooth | upper 4th premolar and lower first molar in dogs and cats that tend to become abscessed and infected |
| cecum | the small sac that lies between the small and large intestines |
| cloaca | end of the digestive tracct where waste material passes |
| colic | condition in horses that causes severe stomach pain |
| colon | common term for the large intestine |
| constipation | occurence in the digestive tract that can cause little to no bowel movement |
| crop | small sac that acts as a holding tank for food as it is passed from the esophagus in birds |
| crown | the upper part of the tooth that lies above the gum line |
| cud | mixture of grass sources and saliva that is chewed and regurgitated to break down food for digestions |
| deciduous | baby teeth that are developed in newborn animals and eventually shed when adulthood is reached |
| dehydration | loss of fluids in the body |
| dentin | second layer of teeth, similar to bone |
| dentition | the way teeth are arranged in the body |
| descending colon | third or last section of the large intestine |
| diabetes | condition that is produced when too much or too little blood sugar is produced and the body finds it difficult to regulate |
| diarrhea | process of waste materials and feces becoming soft and watery |
| digestion | breaking down food particles into nutrients to be used by the body to allow the animal to live |
| digestive system | the body sytem that contains the stomach and intestines |
| distended | swollen |
| duodenum | short, first section of the small intestines |
| enamel | hardest substance in the body that covers and protects teeth |
| enema | procedure of passing fluids into the rectum to soften feces to produce a bowel movement |
| eructation | gas buildup where belching occurs to rid the rumen of air |
| esophagus | tube that passes food from the mouth to the stomach |
| fermentation | process of soaking food that allows bacteria to break down food for easier digestion |
| flanking | looking at or biting at the sides of the abdomen due to stomach pain |
| foreign body obstruction | an animal ingests a foreign object that is no digestibe and it becomes impacted within the intestinal tract |
| free gas | air accumulates in the dorsal rumen of a ruminants stomach causing the animal to choke when the esophagus becomes obstructed with food and saliva, causing the gas to not be able to escape |
| frothy bloat | caused by gas being trapped within small bubbles within the rumen cxausing the abdoment to become swollen and painful |
| fundus | opening of the stomach |
| gall bladder | organ that stores biles |
| gastric dilation | veterinary term for the condition known as bloat in which air or gas fills the stomach causing the abdomen to become swollen and painful |
| gastric dilation volvulus (GDV) | condition where the stomach and intestinal tract rotate after becoming swollen due to air or gas in the GI tract, causing the intestinal tracts circulation to be cut off t |
| gastrointestinal system (GI) | the digestive system that contains the stomach and intestines |
| gizzard | muscular organ located after the proventriculus in birds that grinds down hard food substances |
| glucose | veterinary term for blood sugar |
| herbivores | animals that eat plant based foods |
| ileum | third and last section of the small intestine |
| incisors | the front teeth located in the upper and lower jaws |
| insulin | chemical produced by the liver that is released into the bloodstream and regulates the body's blood sugar |
| intravenous | into the vein |
| intussesception | condition where the stomach or intestine telescopes upon itself, cutting off circulation to the organ |
| jejunum | second or middle section of the small intestine |
| Lactated ringers solution | fluid of lactic acid that is commonly used to replace fluids lost in dehydration |
| laxative | veterinary term for stool softeners or medicine given to soften feces to produce a bowel movement |
| lipase | enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down fats |
| liver | organ behind the stomach that makes bile and produces glucose |
| mesentery | connective tissue from the peritoneum and carries blood vessels and nerves to the small intestines |
| molars | last set of teeth that are large and located in the back of the mouth |
| monogastric | digestive system of an animal with one simple stomach |
| mucosa | thin connective tissue that lines the intestinal tract |
| mucous membrane (mm) | gums |
| necrotic | dead tissue |
| nonruminant system | digestive system similar to monogastric animals with a larger well developed cecum for breaking down fiber |
| normal saline | solution with the same concentration level as salt |
| NPO | nothing by mouth |
| omasum | third section of the ruminant stomach that absorbed water and nutrients |
| omentum | thin lining that surrounds organs within the abdomen |
| omnivores | eats both plants and animals |
| oral barium study | barium solution given by mouth to pass through the digestive system to allow xrays to be taken over time to view internal structures of the GI tract |
| pancreas | organ that lies next to the stomach and secretes enzymes that aid in digestion |
| papillae | hair on the tongue that act as taste buds |
| peristalsis | wavelike motion of the stomach that moved food through the intestine in contractions |
| peritoneum | clear thin lining of the abdomen |
| permanent | adult teeth that are formed after the deciduous teeth are shed |
| pharynx | throat or area of the back of the mouth |
| PO | by mouth |
| premolars | wider teeth at the back of the mouth used to grind and tear food |
| proventriculus | acts as a monogastric stomach and begins the digestion process in birds by releasing excretions to soften food |
| pulp cavity | center of the tooth that holds the nerves, veins, and arteries |
| pylorus | exit passageway of the stomach |
| radiopaque | solution that fluoresces and allows radioation to pass through to view internal body structures during xrays |
| regurgitation | process of bringing food into the mouth from the stomach to break it down |
| root | part of the tooth located below the gum line that holds the tooth in place |
| reticulum | second section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a filter for food |
| rumen | first section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a storage vat and softens food for fermentation |
| rugae | folds within the stomach when it is empty |
| ruminant | animal with a digestive system that has a stomach with four sections or compartments |
| saliva | fluid that helps soften and break down food for ease of swallowing and digestion |
| salivary glands | area within the mouth that produces saliva |
| skin turgor | process of evaluating an animal for dehydration by lifting the skin over the base of the neck or shoulder blades |
| sodium chloride | saltwater fluid |
| stool softeners | medication given to produce a bowel movement by softening the fecces |
| subcutaneous | given under the skin |
| tacky | slight dry, as in the gums |
| tongue | muscle within the mouth used to hold food within the mouth |
| transverse colon | second or middle section of the large intestine |
| trocar | plastic or metal pointed instrument placed into the rumen of the ruminant animal that has bloated to relieve the pressue on the animal's stomach |
| trypsin | enzyme produced by the pancreas that digests proteins |
| vent | external area of an avian that passes waste materials, also called the cloaca and similar to the rectum |
| vomiting | process of brining up partially or undigested food that has been in the stomach of monogastric animals |
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tromanczak
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