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ch28 digestive
Chapter 28 The Digestive System
Question | Answer |
---|---|
abomasum | last section of the ruminant stomach that acts as the true stomach and allows food to be digested |
alimentary canal | veterinary medical terminology for the GI system |
amylase | enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down starches |
anastomosis | surgical removal of a dead area of tissue along the digestive tract and resectioning the areas back together |
ascending colon | first section of the large intestine |
avian system | specialized digestive system of birds |
beak | avian mouth with no teeth that forms an upper and lower bill |
bile | yellow fluid that helps break down food for digestion and absorption of food |
bloat | condition that causes the abdoment to become swollen and painful due to air and gas within the intestinal tract |
body | central part of the stomach that expands as food enters |
canine | teeth also known as fangs that are used to tear apart food |
cardia | entrance of the stomach that filters food |
caniasial tooth | upper 4th premolar and lower first molar in dogs and cats that tend to become abscessed and infected |
cecum | the small sac that lies between the small and large intestines |
cloaca | end of the digestive tracct where waste material passes |
colic | condition in horses that causes severe stomach pain |
colon | common term for the large intestine |
constipation | occurence in the digestive tract that can cause little to no bowel movement |
crop | small sac that acts as a holding tank for food as it is passed from the esophagus in birds |
crown | the upper part of the tooth that lies above the gum line |
cud | mixture of grass sources and saliva that is chewed and regurgitated to break down food for digestions |
deciduous | baby teeth that are developed in newborn animals and eventually shed when adulthood is reached |
dehydration | loss of fluids in the body |
dentin | second layer of teeth, similar to bone |
dentition | the way teeth are arranged in the body |
descending colon | third or last section of the large intestine |
diabetes | condition that is produced when too much or too little blood sugar is produced and the body finds it difficult to regulate |
diarrhea | process of waste materials and feces becoming soft and watery |
digestion | breaking down food particles into nutrients to be used by the body to allow the animal to live |
digestive system | the body sytem that contains the stomach and intestines |
distended | swollen |
duodenum | short, first section of the small intestines |
enamel | hardest substance in the body that covers and protects teeth |
enema | procedure of passing fluids into the rectum to soften feces to produce a bowel movement |
eructation | gas buildup where belching occurs to rid the rumen of air |
esophagus | tube that passes food from the mouth to the stomach |
fermentation | process of soaking food that allows bacteria to break down food for easier digestion |
flanking | looking at or biting at the sides of the abdomen due to stomach pain |
foreign body obstruction | an animal ingests a foreign object that is no digestibe and it becomes impacted within the intestinal tract |
free gas | air accumulates in the dorsal rumen of a ruminants stomach causing the animal to choke when the esophagus becomes obstructed with food and saliva, causing the gas to not be able to escape |
frothy bloat | caused by gas being trapped within small bubbles within the rumen cxausing the abdoment to become swollen and painful |
fundus | opening of the stomach |
gall bladder | organ that stores biles |
gastric dilation | veterinary term for the condition known as bloat in which air or gas fills the stomach causing the abdomen to become swollen and painful |
gastric dilation volvulus (GDV) | condition where the stomach and intestinal tract rotate after becoming swollen due to air or gas in the GI tract, causing the intestinal tracts circulation to be cut off t |
gastrointestinal system (GI) | the digestive system that contains the stomach and intestines |
gizzard | muscular organ located after the proventriculus in birds that grinds down hard food substances |
glucose | veterinary term for blood sugar |
herbivores | animals that eat plant based foods |
ileum | third and last section of the small intestine |
incisors | the front teeth located in the upper and lower jaws |
insulin | chemical produced by the liver that is released into the bloodstream and regulates the body's blood sugar |
intravenous | into the vein |
intussesception | condition where the stomach or intestine telescopes upon itself, cutting off circulation to the organ |
jejunum | second or middle section of the small intestine |
Lactated ringers solution | fluid of lactic acid that is commonly used to replace fluids lost in dehydration |
laxative | veterinary term for stool softeners or medicine given to soften feces to produce a bowel movement |
lipase | enzyme produced by the pancreas that breaks down fats |
liver | organ behind the stomach that makes bile and produces glucose |
mesentery | connective tissue from the peritoneum and carries blood vessels and nerves to the small intestines |
molars | last set of teeth that are large and located in the back of the mouth |
monogastric | digestive system of an animal with one simple stomach |
mucosa | thin connective tissue that lines the intestinal tract |
mucous membrane (mm) | gums |
necrotic | dead tissue |
nonruminant system | digestive system similar to monogastric animals with a larger well developed cecum for breaking down fiber |
normal saline | solution with the same concentration level as salt |
NPO | nothing by mouth |
omasum | third section of the ruminant stomach that absorbed water and nutrients |
omentum | thin lining that surrounds organs within the abdomen |
omnivores | eats both plants and animals |
oral barium study | barium solution given by mouth to pass through the digestive system to allow xrays to be taken over time to view internal structures of the GI tract |
pancreas | organ that lies next to the stomach and secretes enzymes that aid in digestion |
papillae | hair on the tongue that act as taste buds |
peristalsis | wavelike motion of the stomach that moved food through the intestine in contractions |
peritoneum | clear thin lining of the abdomen |
permanent | adult teeth that are formed after the deciduous teeth are shed |
pharynx | throat or area of the back of the mouth |
PO | by mouth |
premolars | wider teeth at the back of the mouth used to grind and tear food |
proventriculus | acts as a monogastric stomach and begins the digestion process in birds by releasing excretions to soften food |
pulp cavity | center of the tooth that holds the nerves, veins, and arteries |
pylorus | exit passageway of the stomach |
radiopaque | solution that fluoresces and allows radioation to pass through to view internal body structures during xrays |
regurgitation | process of bringing food into the mouth from the stomach to break it down |
root | part of the tooth located below the gum line that holds the tooth in place |
reticulum | second section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a filter for food |
rumen | first section of the ruminant stomach that acts as a storage vat and softens food for fermentation |
rugae | folds within the stomach when it is empty |
ruminant | animal with a digestive system that has a stomach with four sections or compartments |
saliva | fluid that helps soften and break down food for ease of swallowing and digestion |
salivary glands | area within the mouth that produces saliva |
skin turgor | process of evaluating an animal for dehydration by lifting the skin over the base of the neck or shoulder blades |
sodium chloride | saltwater fluid |
stool softeners | medication given to produce a bowel movement by softening the fecces |
subcutaneous | given under the skin |
tacky | slight dry, as in the gums |
tongue | muscle within the mouth used to hold food within the mouth |
transverse colon | second or middle section of the large intestine |
trocar | plastic or metal pointed instrument placed into the rumen of the ruminant animal that has bloated to relieve the pressue on the animal's stomach |
trypsin | enzyme produced by the pancreas that digests proteins |
vent | external area of an avian that passes waste materials, also called the cloaca and similar to the rectum |
vomiting | process of brining up partially or undigested food that has been in the stomach of monogastric animals |