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QuestionAnswer
I. Layers
Embryonic germ layers
Ectoderm (outside) epidermis of skin, cornea and glands of skin
Mesoderm (middle)endothelial lining of circulatory syst, male and female reproductive systems
Endoderm Lining of repiratory tract, pancreas and liver
General structure of epithelial avascular tissue that supports connective tissue with capilarry beds
Basal lamina separates epithelial cells from conn tissue, made from epithelial cells
Epithelial tissue exists in two forms epithelia and glands
a. Epithelia sheets of cells that cover the body external surface and line the internal surface
Epithelium single cell of epithelia
b. Glands come from invaginated epithelial cells
Function synthesize and storage ex; hormones, milk
II. General
Function of epithelia tissue protection, transport, secretion, absorption, permeability, sensation
Structure
1 layer simple epithelium
More than one stratified
Morphology
Squamous flat
Cuboidal columnar
Odd balls psuedostratified and transitional (mix between both)
III. Types
9 Different classes
1. Simple squamous single layer flat cells with central bulging nucleus
Location line blood vessels and alveoli
Function transport
2. Simple cuboidal square profile with central nucleus
Location ovary, kidney tube
Function protection, secretion
3. Simple columnar tall, rectangular
Location digestive tract
Function transport, absorption
4. Stratified squamous (non keratinized) made of many layers of cells
Location mouth, pharynx, esophgus
Function protection
5. Stratified squamous (keratinized) superficial layer of dead cells, keratin replaced nuclei and cytoplasm
Location epidermis of skin
Function impermeable to water
6. Stratified cuboidal 2 layers of cuboidal cells
Location lines the ducts of sweat glands
Function secretion
7. Stratified columnar superficial layer of columnar cells
Location conjuctiva of eye
Function protection
8. Transitional epithelium made of many layers of cells, with rounded dome tops
Wrongly believed to be transition between columnar and stratified
Location bladder
Function protection and strechability
9. Pseudostratified all in contact with basal lamina
Location nasal cavity and trachea
Function protection, cilia mediated transport
IV. Polarity/and surface specialization
Polarity
Apical domain faces lumen
Lumen cells that cover the inner lining of organ
Basolateral domain in contact with basal lamina
Separated by tight junctions
Specializations
Microvilli intestinal epithelia, involved in absorption and transport
Cilia found in tachea, ovidcut, involved with moving debris and fertilization in oviduct. Has a specific structure that is composed of 9+2 arrangement
Flagella found in spermatozoa, movement
Lateral Membrane specialization
1. Zonulae occludents forms a belt like junction, prevents material from passing between cells
2. Zonulae adherentes helps attach cells together
3. Desmosomes weld like junctions, help resist shearing force
4. Gap junction made of 6 proteins called connexins connect adjacent cells for communication and nutrition
Basal Surface specialization
1. Plasma membrane enfolding increase surface area available for transport
2. Hemidesmosomes attach basal cell membrane(top of epithelia) to basal lamina and helps in transport
V. Renewal of epithelia
Epithelial cells have high Turnover rate which is related to location and function
Ex epidermis 28days, small intestin 6days. Some are never replaced after adulthood
VI. Disorders
Pemphigus vulgaris caused by autoantibodies binding to desmosome proteins. This causes cell adhesion to break, and cellular fluid to leak in
Erythrokeratodermia mutation in connexin gene
Squamous metaplasia in smokers, tansformation of pseudostratified to squamous, decreases function of bronchi.
Created by: mcap
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