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ODSC 3B
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| General Function and Features of Bone | |
| Remember | |
| Clast | crash, breakdown |
| Blast | build |
| Chondro | cartilage |
| Odono | teeth |
| Osteo | bone |
| Functions of bone 5 | support, storage of minerals(calcium), lipids (yellow marrow), blood production (red marrow), protection, leverage |
| I. General Features | |
| I. Made of | Bone CT, nervous tissue, cartilage in articular region(joints) |
| II. Types of bone | long, short, flat, irregular, sesamoid |
| Long | longer then wide ex legs |
| Short | cube like, hands and feet bones |
| Flat | thin, usually curved ex skull, sternum |
| Irregular | various shapes and do not fit into other categories, ex vertebra |
| Sesamoid | develop within tendons, ex knee cap, hip |
| II. Structure of long bond | |
| 1. Epiphysis | ends of a bone |
| epiphyseal plate | growth plate that separates epiphysis from diaphysis, mostly cartilage |
| 2. Diaphysis | “shaft” of a bone |
| 3. Metaphysis | the area of transition between the epiphysis and diaphysis. |
| In this area columns of | spongy(trabucule) bone are located. |
| 4. Blood vessels | well vascularized |
| 5. Medullary cavity | hollow cavity filled with bone marrow |
| 6. Membranes | present in the outer region of diaphysis (periosteum) and inner region of the medullary cavity (endosteum) |
| III. Components of Bone | |
| Cellular components | all work together in homeostasis |
| Osteoprogenitor cells | have similar features to surrounding conn tissue |
| made from | mesenchymal stem cells |
| Located in | periosteum and endostem |
| Osteoblasts | bone forming, involved in mineralization of collagen fibers |
| Made from | osteoprogenitors |
| Osteoid | unmineralized bone matrix, made of GAG, proteoglycans and collagen |
| Osteocytes | osteoblasts that get trapped turn into this. Non dividing final stage. Maintain protein, mineral content Ca and help repair damaged bone |
| Lacunae | where osteocytes live |
| Canaliculi | cytoplasmic canals that connect lacunae |
| Periosteocytic space | space between plasma membrane of osteocyte and wall of lacuna which is filled with nutrients |
| Osteoclasts | bone removing, are macrophages, multi nuclea |
| Made from | hematopoietic stem cells |
| Poliferate by | fusion |
| Ruffled border | cell membranes formed by lysosomes that have make deep invaginations |
| Secrete | HCL and proteases that break down bone |
| Regulated by | parathyriod |
| Bone growth | process of remodeling, resorption is balanced by formation |
| Exercise can trigger osteoclast to | build new bone |
| 1. Matrix Components | |
| Components | 1/3 protein fibers(collagen Type1), 2/3 Calcium phosphate which form hydroxapatite crystals |
| Organic | collagen type 1. Gives bone ability to resist snapping. |
| Predominate in | bone and dentine |
| Inorganic | mineral component, hydroxyapatit, gives hardness |
| Predominate in | enamel, which makes it so strong |
| 2. Gross anatomy of Bone | |
| Primary | First bone to form during natel development and during bone repair, low mineral content |
| Secondary | found in adults and is calcified |
| Two types of Adult bone | compact, spongy |
| 1. Compact(Cortical) | dense outer layer of bone |
| 2. Spongy(Trabecular) | internal network of bone |
| trabeculae | network of bony structure |
| Medullary cavity | consists of bone marrow |
| Two Types | red(blood), Yellow(fat storage) |
| 3. Microanatomy of Adult bone | |
| 1. Compact(Cortical) | |
| Periosteum/endosteum | just like in cartilage, covers bones, a layer of dense conn tissue |
| Not found | in joint capsules |
| Anchored by | sharpeys fiber |
| Endosteum | inner most layer that surrounds the bone marrow |
| Cicumferential lamellae 2 types | thin layer of bone, outer and inner |
| Works by | making concentric circles like that of a tree |
| 1. Outer | outermost region of diaphysis(shaft) |
| Contains | Sharpey's fibers which help anchor periosteum |
| 2. Inner | completely encircle the marrow cavity |
| Osteons or Harvesian canal | mature compact bone, surrounds blood vessel laterally |
| Made of | cylinders of lamellae |
| Volkmann's canals | form connections between osteons or haversian systems, horizontally |
| 2. Spongy Bone | trabecular bone |
| Characterized by | honeycomb and does not have osteon(Harvesian Canal) |
| 4. Cells involved in Development of Teeth | |
| Odontoclasts | resobing cells |
| Odontoblasts | forms dentin, 70% inorganic |
| Odontocytes | final stage of odontoblasts |
| Ameloblasts | makes enamel 95% inorganic |
| Inorganic think | hard |
| Cementocytes | make Cementum |
| Periodontal ligament Is similar to | periosteum |
| 5. Diseases | |
| Osteoporosis | most common bone disease, excessive activity of osteoclasts, compact bone gets thinner and spongy get bigger. More bone removal then formation |
| Occurs in | women in menopause since there is a decrease in estrogen |
| Coupling important | bone resorption followed by bone formation |
| Osteopetrosis/Marble bone disease | increase bone density. More bone formation than removal |
| Genetic link | autosomal, can thicken skull and have no room for brain |
| Osteomalcia or rickets | Vit D deficiency which results in reduced mineralization |
| Osteosarcoma | malignant bone cancer, develops in ends of bones |
| Pagets | 2nd most common, abnormal remodeling which results in overgrowth of bone |
| effects women over 40 | |
| Arcomegaly(gigantism) | too much somatotropin which makes bones over thicken too much growth hormone |
Created by:
mcap
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